MEASURING TOOLS AND

SYSTEMS
Objectives
 be able perform measurements
using any of the tools in the
workshop
 have a working understanding
of the Metric and English
systems of measurement

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 INTRODUCTION
 Engineers and technicians must
understand
– British Imperial systems which are
based on inches, feet, and yards
– Metric system in which American
manufacturers have changed their
tooling to the metric system to be
competitive
 All working on domestic plants and
equipment need to understand both
systems
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 THE METRIC SYSTEM
 Known as the international (S.I.) system measures:
– Volume in litres
– Mass in grams
– A Pound equivalent to 450 grams (0.45kgs)
– Temperature in Degrees Centigrade
– Torque in Newton-meters

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USING OF RULES

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 METRIC SYSTEM USED
• Metric system based on the number ten
– Very easy system to use
• 1/100 (0.01) of a meter is a centimetre
(cm)
• 1,000 meters is a kilometre (km)
• 1/1000 (0.001) of a meter is a millimetre
(mm)
– Convert inches to millimetres
• Multiply by 25.4
– Convert millimetres to inches
• Divide by 25.4
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 MEASURING TOOLS
• Include:
– Steel rule: used to make approximate
measurements
– Rulers: measure in metric and fractions of
one inch
– Metric ruler: indicates hundredths and
thousands of a meter
– Thickness gauges (i.e., feeler gauges):
measure valve clearance, piston ring side
clearance, .
– Plastigage: used to measure oil clearance
in bearings and oil pumps
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 PRECISION MEASURING TOOLS
• Vernier calliper
– Developed in the 17th century
– Movable scale runs parallel to a fixed
scale
– Measures outside diameter (O.D.) and
inside diameter (I.D.)
• Main scale: divided into inches
• Vernier scale: divides each .025”
section on main scale into 25 parts
– Measurement combines vernier scale and
main scale readings

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 MICROMETER
• Several advantages
– Clear and easy to read
– Measure consistently and accurately
– Built-in adjustment to compensate for
wear
• Reading a micrometer
– One revolution of thimble advances or
retracts the spindle 1/40”
– Each line on the barrel represents 0.025”
– A new line is uncovered each thimble
revolution
– Some also have a vernier scale © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning
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© 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning
 METRIC MICROMETER
• Features
– One turn of thimble
turns spindle 0.5 mm
– Hub graduated in
millimeters
– Thimble has 50
divisions
– Read in the same
manner as English
counterpart
– Vernier scale reads to
0.002 mm
– Only five divisions © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning
 COMBINATION DIGITAL MICS
AND SPECIALTY MICROMETERS
• Combination digital micrometers
– Give both metric and English
readings
– LCD readings taken from the digital
readout window accurate to 0.0001
•Convertible between inch and
metric
• Specialty micrometers
– Several types
•Example: ball micrometer © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning
 INSIDE MICROMETERS
• Used to measure:
– Cylinder bores
– Main and rod bearing bores
• Thimble does not move as freely on
the barrel as the thimble of an outside
micrometer
– Added friction helps keep the
reading from changing
• Use extension rods to make them the
proper size
• Have handles for use in deep cylinders
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INSIDE MICROMETER

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DEPTH MICROMETER

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 GAUGES
Calipers:

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 FEELER GAUGES
Used for measuring “gaps” or the space between
two objects. Proper usage requires practice

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DEMONSTRATION OF FEELER
GAUGES

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WIRE GAUGES

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 TELESCOPING AND SPLIT-BALL
GAUGES
• Work in cylinders smaller than about
two inches
– Known as transfer gauges
• Split-ball gauge
– Used on small holes such as valve
guides
• Telescoping gauges
– Used with micrometers
– Measure cylinders, bearing bores,
etc.
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TELESCOPING GAUGES

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PARTS OF TELESCOPIC
GAUGES

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GAUGES & OUTSIDE
MICROMETERS

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SMALL HOLE/BALL GAUGES

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 DIAL INDICATORS
• Used to measure:
– Movements
•End play of crankshaft
•Valve guide wear
– Valve-in-head depth
– Cylinder and bearing bores
• Comparison instruments
– Measurements compared
against known measurement
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© 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning
© 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning