DEEP COMPACTION

 GROUP 04

 MEMBERS:
 MACUSI, GERBIN REY
 ISHAYA, JERRY
 ALCONIS, CHRISTIAN CARL
 PADICA, REDEN
What is Deep
Compaction ?
 Deep compaction is a category
description of technologies that
rely on dynamic methods to impart
high levels of energy to the ground
resulting in improvement of soil
properties.
NUMEROUS NATURAL AND MAN-MADE DEPOSITS
WHERE VIBRO COMPACTION CAN BE APPLIED:

 Increase soil bearing resistance, permitting shallow

foundation construction
 Reduce foundation settlements
 Increased resistance to liquefication
 Increase shear strength
 Reduce permeability
 Filling of voids in treated areas
 DEEP DYNAMIC COMPACTION
 The primary purpose of deep dynamic compaction is to densify natural and fill deposits to
increase bearing resistance, reduce settlement, minimize collapse potential of large voids,
and mitigate liquefication potential so that the engineered structure can be constructed
safely and economically

 Densification of loose deposit-to reduce the settlement that would otherwise occur under
load application
 Collapse of large voids – large voids may exist in either natural or fill deposit. Deep
dynamic compaction is used to collapse the voids and provide a more uniform foundation
that reduces differential settlement
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
 ADVANTAGES:
 Impacting the tamper into the soil serves as both a probing and correcting tool
 Densification of the deposits can be observed as the work proceeds
 Densification usually results in a bearing stratum having a more uniform
compressibility, which minimize differential settlement

 DISADVANTAGES:
 Deep dynamic compaction produces ground vibration that can travel significant
distance from the point of impact
 Water table should be located more than 6 feet below the ground surface
METHODS OF COMPACTING
 Frankipaction – is essentially adaptation of the frankli pile to achieve compaction
 Blast densification – generally only useful where densification is necessary over large
areas and at great depth (>100 feet)
 Rapid impact compaction – uses a 5 to 9 ton excavator-mounted, weight that is dropped
about 4 feet in to a 5-foot diameter tamper capable of imparting 40 to 60 blow per
minute
 Compaction grouting – a method in which cohesionless or weak soil, soil with fractures
and air pockets, or soil that has settled, is densified using thick. Low-slump grout
 Vibratory hammer probe – a methods differ from the vibro-compaction method in that
the vibrations are transmitted vertically down the attached pipe of a ypical diameter of
2.6 feet.
DEEP DYNAMIC COMPACTION
(terminology unique to dynamic compaction)

 Applied energy – average energy applied at a ground or surface, which is

calculated on the basis of the sum of all the energy applied by dynamic
compaction divided, by the surface area of the densified soil
 Contact pressure – weight divided by the base of the tamper
 Crater – depression in the ground at the drop point location that the results of the
energy application
 Depth of improvement – maximum depth to which the measureable improvement
is attained
 Drop energy – energy per blow
 High-level energy – energy applied to cause densificartion
 Induce settlement – average settlement following densification
 Low-level energy – energy applied to compact the surface deposits to the depth of
crater penetration following high-level energy application
 Pass – application of a portion of the planned energy at a single drop point
location
 Phase – describes the pattern in which energy will applied
DEPTH OF
DEGREE OF
IMPROVEMEN
T
ENERGY
REQUIREMENT
S
 FOCUS AND SCOPE
-Deep compaction and vibro-compaction are mature,
well-established methods of ground modification. The
purpose of this is to provide an overview of these
methods and to present the state of the practice in their
utilizing for improvement of site soil.
 VIBRO-COMPACTION

 Isan established ground improvement method for

establishing granular soil such as loose sand, gravels, and
some hydraulic fills
 Isa ground improvement techniques that densifies clean,
cohesionless soil with a downhole vibrator
 ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
 ADVANTAGES:
 Economical and often results in significance time saving
 Considerably reduce the risk of seismically induced liquefication
 Allows maximum improvement of granular soils to a depth of about 165 feet. With
generally recommended depth of 100 feet

 DISADVANTAGES:
 Effective only in granular and non-cohesive soil
 Maximum depth of 165 feet may be considered a disadvantage
 Densification generally cannot be achieved when the granular soil contains more 12-
15% silt or more than 2% clay
SUITABILITY
ASSESSMENT
 CONSTRUCTION AND
MATERIALS
The vibro-compaction process uses crane-
mounted depth vibrators and appropriate
backfill material. This section discusses
construction and the suitability of backfill
material
CONSTRUCTIO
N
 CONSTRUCTION:
 Equipment used to achieve the
necessary densification are high-
powered, probe type vibrators
ranging from 12 to 16 inch in a
diameter and to 10 to 15 feet in
length
MATERIALS

 To transmit vibration from the

vibrator into the in situ soil and
achieve compaction.it is necessary
to supply sufficient backfill
materials to fill the void created by
the densification process. Fines
sand, coarse sand, rounded gravel,
crush stone, recycled aggregate.
And slag have been used as
backfill material
DESIGN
PROCEDURE
 Significance properties of granular
soil – compressible, shear
resistance, permeability, and
resistance to dynamic loading are
largely dependent on the state of
compaction typically expressed In
terms of relative density for clean
granular materials
 CONTRACTING PROCESS
 Vibro-compaction may be performed under either a method-types specifications
or a performance-type specification.

 Method-type specification – specifying agency details a specific procedure and

patterns spacing to achieve the requirement details

 Performance-type specification – the specify agency assumes the risk, and a full
knowledge of the ground improvement technology and equipment is required
COST
COMPONENTS