Agenda

 Concept behind 5G

 The Changing Telecoms Industry scenario

 5G Private Public Partnership

 5G High Level requirements

 Framework and Spectrum Overview

5G Introduction
 Introduction
Salient Features of the 5G

5G Introduction
 Evolution of the Internet

IOT

Experiences Digitize the World

Connecting:
Economy Digitize Interactions (Business
•People
& Social) •Process

Connectivity Digitize Business Process

•Social •Data
•Mobility •Things
•E-commerce •Cloud
Digitize Access to Information •Digital Supply Chain •Video
•Email •Collaboration
•Web Browser
•Search

5G Introduction
Mobile Connectivity
Connected Devices Prediction(Bn)

50

22

12

2010 2015 2020

Connected Devices Prediction(Bn)

5G Introduction
5G Introduction

Services Higher System High Data

Capacity Rates

•Ubiquitous bandwidth (no more cell edge)

•HD video everywhere (up and down)

•Internet of Everything (M2M, M2P & P2P)

•Sensing, Presence and Ad-hoc networking Energy Lower

•Web eco-system of Apps and Services Efficient Latency

Mass
Connectivity

5G Introduction
5G Connectivity Foundation
Get instant access to content with
less delay for “always-on”
experience
Connect Real-Time

Stream, surf, upload, and

download with fast, predictable
Connect Fast data rates

5G Go longer without plugging in

with improved battery efficiency
Connect Longer

Talk and browse without

interruption with more bars in
Connect Reliably more places

5G Introduction
5G – Technology Enablers

5G Introduction
5G Enablers
High Frequency and Other spectrum option

Optical Transmission and switching wherever

possible

Challenges Enablers 5G Design Principles

Bring communication end point closer

Spectrum Address coverage and capacity separately

Capacity Massive MIMO

New Air Interface Minimize Number of network Layers

New Multiple access techniques & L1/L2
Data Rate Optical Network Techniques
Minimize for high
functionality frequencies
performed by access
Small Cell points

D2D
Maximize energy efficiency across all Network
Latency CDN

C/U plane split

Massive connection SDN/NFV

3rd Party Deployment Model

Simple access Points

Cost Energy Management Techniques

SON

QoE Traffic Management

Big Data/ Intelligent Network

Intelligent network to manage QoE

5G Introduction
5G Timeline

5G Introduction
 5G Evolution
3G WCDMA LTE LTE Advance LTE Pro 5G

3GPP Release Rel- 99, 5,6,7 Rel-8,9 Rel-10,11,12 Rel-13,14 Rel-15,16

Voice, Data, Video Data and Voice over IP Enhanced 4G Evolution towards 5G
Signals eMBB

Use Case
Video Telephony Wireless Broadband High Data Rates IOT Massive MTC

Internet Surfing Higher data rate Higher data rate Public Safety IOT

Channel Access WCDMA OFDMA OFDMA OFDMA Modified OFDMA

Bandwidth 5MHz 20MHz 100MHz 640MHz upto 2 GHz

Service PS PS PS PS PS
Architecture Controller Distributed HetNet Cloud Cloud, Slicing

DL Speed 14-84 Mbps 150-300 Mbps 1 Gbps 3 Gbps >10 Gbps

Latency 50 ms 10 ms 10 ms 5 ms <1 ms

5G Introduction
5G Introduction
 5G Spectrum

LTE-A/LTE-M/LAA LTE

5G cmWave 5G mmWave
5G Below 6GHz

1 GHz 2 GHz 6 GHz 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 60 GHz 100 GHz

Within WRC 2015 Expected in WRC 2019 Scope

5G Introduction
 5G Operating bands and channel arrangement
NR Uplink (UL) operating band Downlink (DL) operating band Duplex Mode
operating BS receive / UE transmit BS transmit / UE receive
Frequency range Corresponding frequency range band FUL_low – FUL_high FDL_low – FDL_high
designation
FR1 450 MHz – 6000 MHz n1 1920 MHz – 1980 MHz 2110 MHz – 2170 MHz FDD
FR2 24250 MHz – 52600 MHz n2 1850 MHz – 1910 MHz 1930 MHz – 1990 MHz FDD
n3 1710 MHz – 1785 MHz 1805 MHz – 1880 MHz FDD
n5 824 MHz – 849 MHz 869 MHz – 894 MHz FDD
n7 2500 MHz – 2570 MHz 2620 MHz – 2690 MHz FDD
The channel arrangements presented in this clause
n8 880 MHz – 915 MHz 925 MHz – 960 MHz FDD
are based on the operating bands and BS channel n20 832 MHz – 862 MHz 791 MHz – 821 MHz FDD
bandwidths defined in the present release of n28 703 MHz – 748 MHz 758 MHz – 803 MHz FDD
specification. n38 2570 MHz – 2620 MHz 2570 MHz – 2620 MHz TDD
n41 2496 MHz – 2690 MHz 2496 MHz – 2690 MHz TDD
n50 1432 MHz – 1517 MHz 1432 MHz – 1517 MHz TDD
n51 1427 MHz – 1432 MHz 1427 MHz – 1432 MHz TDD
n66 1710 MHz – 1780 MHz 2110 MHz – 2200 MHz FDD
n70 1695 MHz – 1710 MHz 1995 MHz – 2020 MHz FDD
NR Uplink (UL) and Downlink (DL) Duplex Mode n71 663 MHz – 698 MHz 617 MHz – 652 MHz FDD
operating operating band n74 1427 MHz – 1470 MHz 1475 MHz – 1518 MHz FDD
band BS transmit/receive
UE transmit/receive n75 N/A 1432 MHz – 1517 MHz SDL
FUL_low – FUL_high n76 N/A 1427 MHz – 1432 MHz SDL
FDL_low – FDL_high n77 3300 MHz – 4200 MHz 3300 MHz – 4200 MHz TDD
n78 3300 MHz – 3800 MHz 3300 MHz – 3800 MHz TDD
n257 26500 MHz – 29500 MHz TDD n79 4400 MHz – 5000 MHz 4400 MHz – 5000 MHz TDD
n258 24250 MHz – 27500 MHz TDD n80 1710 MHz – 1785 MHz N/A SUL
n260 37000 MHz – 40000 MHz TDD n81 880 MHz – 915 MHz N/A SUL
n82 832 MHz – 862 MHz N/A SUL
NR operating bands in FR2 n83 703 MHz – 748 MHz N/A SUL
n84 1920 MHz – 1980 MHz N/A SUL
NR operating bands in FR1
5G Introduction
3GPP TS 38.104 V15
5G Spectrum : Global Snapshot

5G Introduction
Source : Qualcomm
5G Deployment scenarios & Spectrum

5G Introduction
5G Spectrum Types
• Exclusive Use
• Over 40 Bands
Licensed
Spectrum Globally for LTE,
remains industry
top priority

• New Shared
Spectrum Paradigms
Shared • Example : 2.3 GHz
Spectrum
Europe / 3.5 GHz
USA

• Shared Use
Unlicensed • Example : 2.4 GHz /
Spectrum 5-7 GHz / 51-71 GHz
Globally

5G Introduction
Source : Qualcomm
 5G Spectrum Candidates for Sharing

< 1 GHz 3GHz 4 GHz 5GHz 24-28 GHz 37-40 GHz 64-71 GHz

5G Introduction
Source : Qualcomm
5G Spectrum Utilization

Internetworking
LTE Network 5G New Radio

Existing spectrum New spectrum

1GHz 6GHz 100GHz 1GHz 6GHz 100GHz

5G Introduction
5G Spectrum Sharing Benefits

5G Introduction
Source : Qualcomm
 5G Enablers
The families of usage scenarios for IMT for 2020 and beyond include: -
 Improved link budget
 Low device complexity
 Long device battery life
 High density device deployment

URLLC (Ultra-
eMBB (enhanced mMTC (massive
Reliable and Low
Mobile Machine Type
Latency
BroadBand) Communications)
Communications)

 Higher spectral efficiency/throughput

 Low latency

 High reliability (low packet error rate)

 Low latency
5G Introduction
5G Key Features

eMBB
Indoor Hotspot Dense Urban Rural Coverage
mMTC URLLC
Urban Coverage Urban Coverage

5G Introduction
 Overview of 5G enabled

Provide low power, low cost,

secured connectivity and Provide a reliable data + voice
connected sensors network(PMR)

Site availability Crisis communications

• Nationwide Deep indoor
coverage
• Higher Security Level
• Devices Interoperability
improvement
• Automatic handover
• Equal Service Level
(Bandwidth,Latency,QoS)
• National Roaming with enhancement
real time handover
• Traffic Prioritization • 5G Autonomous cell
• Always ON Network capabilities
• Nation wide coverage

WAN Connectivity to
IOT Network
every sites

Connect ~750.000 secondary

distribution substations at
Provide WAN Backup to primary affordable OPEX
distribution substation and other
critical sites
5G Introduction
Architecture of 5G

5G Introduction
 5G Architecture Model

The 5G System architecture is defined to support data connectivity and services enabling deployments to use techniques such
as e.g. Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Networking. The 5G System architecture shall leverage service-
based interactions between Control Plane (CP) Network Functions where identified.

Separate the User Plane (UP) functions from the Control Plane (CP) functions
Key Principles and Concepts

Defined procedures for the set of interactions between network functions

Minimize dependencies between the Access Network (AN) and the Core Network (CN

Support a unified authentication framework.

Support capability exposure.

5G Introduction
 5G Design Principles

Radio Network
Leverage spectrum Create common compassable core
Exploit higher frequencies and unlicensed Minimize number of entities and
spectrum functionalities
C/U-path split, UL/DL split, multiple connectivity C/U-function split, lean protocol stack
No mandatory U-plane functions
Enable cost-effective dense deployments Minimize legacy interworking
Integrate third-party/user deployment RAT-agnostic core
Automate configuration, optimization and Fixed and mobile convergence
healing
Enhance multi-RAT coordination
Support multi-operator/shared use of
infrastructure
O&M
Coordinate and cancel interference Simplify operations and
Build-in massive MIMO and CoMP management
Exploit controlled non-orthogonal interference Automation and self healing
Probe less monitoring
Support dynamic radio topology Collaborative management
Moving cells, relays, hubs, C-RAN, D- Integrated OAM functionality
RAND2D (e.g., for latency, disaster relief) Carrier-grade network cloud
orchestration

5G Introduction
Supported Deployment Scenarios
HSS UDM
5G Deployments
–Support 5G CN; or
–Support NG NR; or EPC 5G CN
–Support both

LTE NR

NON-STAND ALONE SCENARIO STAND ALONE SCENARIO

5G Introduction
Deployment scenarios

Non-centralised deployment Co-sited deployment with E-UTRA

CORE CORE

RAN-CN RAN-CN
RAN-CN RAN-CN
Interface Interface
Interface Interface
RAN-CN
Interface

Site Site
gNB gNB eNB
Inter-BS Inter-BS A B
Interface Interface EUTRA & NR EUTRA & NR

5G Introduction
Deployment scenarios

Centralized deployment Shared RAN deployment

CORE CORE CORE

Operator B Operator C

Central Unit
gNB

RAN-CN
RAN-CN
Interface
Interface Operator B Operator C
RAN-CN
RAN Shared RAN RAN
Interface

gNB gNB eNB

Lower Layer Lower Layer Lower Layer

5G Introduction
5G Interfacing Options

Option 1 Option 2 Option 3

Fixed
Fixed Fixed
EPC
EPC Fixed
Fixed Network
Network EPC
EPC 5G
5G NW
NW 5G Fixed
Network
Network EPC
EPC 5G NW
NW Network
Functions
Functions Functions
Functions Functions
Functions Functions
Functions Functions Functions Network
Functions
Functions Functions Functions Functions
Functions

New New
New
RAT Fixed RAT Fixed
Fixed Fixed RAT Fixed
Fixed
// // //
4G 4G 4G
WiFi
WiFi WiFi
WiFi WiFi
Evolution Evolution WiFi
Evolution
PROS

 No changes to 4GRAN  No changes to 4G RAN  5G NW functions/ new RAT design

 No need for revolutionary 5G NW  5G NW functions/ new RAT design can be optimized to fully benefit
functions design can be optimized to fully benefit from new technologies (like
from new technology virtualization)
 Solves mobility issues of option 2
 Provides a sound migration path
CONS

 Tied to the legacy paradigm for all
the use cases (which may be
expensive)
 New design could only be utilized
where there is new RAT coverage
 Potential signaling burden due to
mobility if the new RAT does not
provide seamless coverage
 Potential impact on legacy RAN to
operate concurrently with legacy
CN functions and 5G NW
functions.

5G Introduction
RAN Architecture

NG-CP/UPGW NG-CP/UPGW
NGC
NG

eLTE eNB
New RAN
gNB
Xn Xn

Xn
eLTE eNB gNB

5G Introduction
5G Architecture Options

Option-1 Option-2

EPC NGCN

NG-C NG-U

eNB gNB

5G Introduction
 5G Architecture Options

Options 3 and 3A

EPC EPC

S1-C S1-U S1-C S1-U S1-U

eNB gNB eNB gNB

5G Introduction
 5G Architecture Options

Options 4 and 4A

NGC NGC

NG-C NG-U S1-C S1-U S1-U

gNB eNB gNB eNB

5G Introduction
5G Architecture Options

Option 5

NGC

NG-C NG-U

eNB

5G Introduction
 5G Architecture Options

Options 7 and 7A

NGC NGC

NG-C NG-U NG-C NG-U NG-U

eNB gNB eNB gNB

5G Introduction
 3GPP 5G System Architecture : Non Roaming

NSSF NEF NRF PCF UDM AF

Nnssf Nnef Nnrf Npcf Nudm Naf

Nausf Namf Nsmf

AUSF AMF SMF

NG-CP
N1 N2 N4

NR air i/f N3 N6
RAN UPF
UPF DN
N9

5G System architecture

5G Introduction Ref : 3GPP TS 23.501 V15.0.0

 3GPP 5G System Architecture : Reference Point Presentation

N13
NSSF AUSF UDM
N12 N8
N22 N10

N14
N11 N7 N5
AMF SMF PCF AF
AMF
N1 N2 N4 N15

NR air i/f N3 N6
RAN UPF
UPF DN
N9

5G System Architecture In Reference Point Presentation

5G Introduction Ref : 3GPP TS 23.501 V15.0.0

 3GPP 5G System Architecture : Roaming

NSSF NEF NRF PCF UDM AF UDM NRF NSSF

Nnssf Nnef Nnrf Npcf Nudm Naf Nudm Nnrf Nnssf

N-32
vSEPP hSEPP
Nausf Namf Nsmf
Nausf Npcf Nnef

AUSF AMF SMF

AUSF PCF NEF
N1 N2 N4

NR air i/f N3 N6
RAN UPF DN

VPLMN HPLMN

5G Introduction Ref : 3GPP TS 23.501 V15.0.0

5G NR Functions

Functions similar to E-UTRAN Functions specific for New RAN

Transfer of user data Network Slice Support
Radio channel ciphering and deciphering Tight Interworking with E-UTRA
Integrity protection
E-UTRA-NR handover through a New RAN interface
Header compression
E-UTRA - NR handover via CN
Mobility control functions
Inter-cell interference coordination Session Management
Connection setup and release Contacting UEs in inactive mode
Load balancing Interworking with non-3GPP systems
Distribution function for NAS messages
Load balancing
NAS node selection function
Synchronization
Radio access network sharing
Paging
Positioning

5G Introduction
Functional Split between NG-RAN and 5GC

gNB or ng-eNB AMF SMF

Inter Cell RRM NAS Security UE IP Address allocation

Idle State mobility
RB Control handling PDU Session Control

Connection Mobility Control

Radio Admission Control UPF

Measurement and Configuration Mobility Handling

Dynamic Resource Allocation PDU Handling

NG-RAN 5GC

5G Introduction
 Functional Description: AMF
NSSF
NSSF NEF
NEF NRF
NRF PCF
PCF UDM
UDM AF
AF

Nnef
Nnssf Npcf Naf
Nnrf
Nudm

Nausf Nsmf
Namf

AMF AUSF
AUSF AMF
AMF SMF
SMF
NG-CP
N1
N2 N4

NR air i/f
N3 N6

RAN
RAN UPF
UPF DN
DN

Termination of RAN CP interface (N2). Transparent proxy for routing SM messages.

Termination of NAS (N1), NAS ciphering and integrity protection. Access Authentication.

Registration management. Access Authorization.

Connection management. Provide transport for SMS messages between UE and SMSF.

Reachability management. Security Anchor Functionality (SEAF).

Mobility Management. Security Context Management (SCM)

Lawful intercept (for AMF events and interface to LI System). Location Services management for regulatory services.

5G Introduction
 Functional Description: SMF
NSSF
NSSF NEF
NEF NRF
NRF PCF
PCF UDM
UDM AF
AF
Nnef
Nnssf Npcf Naf
Nnrf Nudm

Nausf Nsmf
Namf

AUSF AMF SMF

SMF AUSF

N1
AMF

N2
SMF

N4
NG-CP

NR air i/f
N3 N6

RAN
RAN UPF
UPF DN
DN

Session establishment, modify and release Charging data collection and support of charging interfaces.

UE IP address allocation & management . Control and coordination of charging data collection at UPF.

DHCPv4 (server and client) and DHCPv6 (server and client) functions. Termination of SM parts of NAS messages.

ARP proxying Downlink Data Notification.

Configures traffic steering at UPF to route traffic to proper destination. Initiator of AN specific SM information, sent via AMF over N2 to AN.

Termination of interfaces towards Policy control functions. Determine SSC mode of a session.

Lawful intercept (for SM events and interface to LI System). Roaming functionality.

5G Introduction
 Functional Description: UPF
NSSF
NSSF NEF
NEF NRF
NRF PCF
PCF UDM
UDM AF
AF
Nnef
Nnssf Nnrf Npcf Naf
Nudm

Nausf Namf Nsmf

UPF AUSF
AUSF AMF
AMF SMF
SMF
NG-CP
N1
N2 N4

NR air i/f
N3 N6

RAN
RAN UPF
UPF DN
DN

Anchor point for Intra-/Inter-RAT mobility Uplink Traffic verification

External PDU Session point of interconnect to Data Network.

Transport level packet marking in the uplink and downlink.

Packet routing & forwarding

Downlink packet buffering

Packet inspection

Downlink data notification triggering.

Lawful intercept (UP collection).

Sending and forwarding of one or more "end marker" to the source NG-RAN node.
Traffic usage reporting.

QoS handling for user plane. ARP proxying

5G Introduction
Functional Description: PCF
NSSF
NSSF NEF
NEF NRF
NRF PCF
PCF UDM
UDM AF
AF
Nnef
Nnssf Npcf Naf
Nnrf Nudm

Nausf Nsmf

PCF
Namf

AUSF
AUSF AMF
AMF SMF
SMF
NG-CP
N1
N2 N4

NR air i/f
N3 N6

RAN
RAN UPF
UPF DN
DN

Supports unified policy framework to govern network behaviour.

Provides policy rules to Control Plane function(s) to enforce them.

Accesses subscription information relevant for policy decisions in a Unified Data Repository (UDR).

5G Introduction
Functional Description: NEF
NSSF
NSSF NEF
NEF NRF
NRF PCF
PCF UDM
UDM AF
AF
Nnef
Nnssf Npcf Naf
Nnrf Nudm

Nausf Nsmf

NEF
Namf

AUSF
AUSF AMF
AMF SMF
SMF
NG-CP
N1
N2 N4

NR air i/f
N3 N6

RAN
RAN UPF
UPF DN
DN

Exposure of capabilities and events

Secure provision of information from external application

Translation of internal-external information

NEF stores the received information

Also support a PFD Function

5G Introduction
 Functional Description: NRF
NSSF
NSSF NEF
NEF NRF
NRF PCF
PCF UDM
UDM AF
AF
Nnef
Nnssf Npcf Naf
Nnrf Nudm

Nausf Nsmf

NRF
Namf

AUSF
AUSF AMF
AMF SMF
SMF
NG-CP
N1
N2 N4

NR air i/f
N3 N6

RAN
RAN UPF
UPF DN
DN

NF instance ID

NF type

Supports service discovery function PLMN ID

Network Slice related Identifier(s) e.g. S-NSSAI, NSI ID

Maintains the NF profile of available NF
instances
FQDN or IP address of NF

NF capacity information

NF Specific Service authorization information

5G Introduction
Functional Description: UDM
NSSF
NSSF NEF
NEF NRF
NRF PCF
PCF UDM
UDM AF
AF
Nnef
Nnssf Npcf Naf
Nnrf Nudm

Nausf Nsmf

UDM
Namf

AUSF
AUSF AMF
AMF SMF
SMF
NG-CP
N1
N2 N4

NR air i/f
N3 N6

RAN
RAN UPF
UPF DN
DN

Generation of 3GPP AKA Authentication Credentials.

User Identification Handling

Access authorization

Support to service/session continuity.

MT-SMS delivery support.

Lawful Intercept Functionality.

Subscription management

5G Introduction
Functional Description: NSSF
NSSF
NSSF NEF
NEF NRF
NRF PCF
PCF UDM
UDM AF
AF
Nnef
Nnssf Npcf Naf
Nnrf Nudm

NSSF AUSF
Nausf

AMF
Namf

SMF
Nsmf

AUSF AMF SMF

NG-CP
N1
N2 N4

NR air i/f
N3 N6

RAN
RAN UPF
UPF DN
DN

Selecting the set of Network Slice instances serving the UE

Determining the Allowed NSSAI and, if needed, the mapping to the Subscribed S-NSSAIs

Determining the AMF Set to be used to serve the UE

5G Introduction
 Protocol selection and specifications
Telco goes mainstream
SBA has common protocol framework, consisting
of:
• HTTP/2 (RFC 7540) as the application layer
protocol
• TCP (RFC 793) as the transport layer
protocol
• JSON (RFC 7159) as the serialization
protocol
• To apply a RESTful framework for the APIs
design whenever possible
• OpenAPI 3.0.0 as the Interface Definition
Language
Nokia internal use
Some 3GPP specifications related to SBA:
• 23.501 System Architecture
• 23.502 Procedures
• 29.500 Technical realization of SBA
• 29.501 Principles and guidelines for service
definition
• 29.510 Network Function Repository Services
• 29.518 AMF services
• 29.571 Common data types
Protocol Layers

NAS NAS
Layer 3
RRC RRC

SDAP SDAP
PDCP PDCP
Layer 2
RLC RLC
MAC MAC

Layer 1
PHY PHY
C-Plane U-Plane C-Plane U-Plane C-Plane

5G Introduction
5G Introduction
Device-to-Device Communication

General Scenario supporting device-to-device

(D2D) communication
5G Introduction
Device-to-Device Communication Type-1

Device relaying with controlled link establishment from the operator

Source
Devices at the cell edges or in poor
coverage areas are capable of
communicating with the base station (BS)
by relaying information through other
Relay
devices. All tasks of establishing the
communication between the devices are
handled by the base station (BS). The Base Station
battery life of the devices is enhanced this
way. Cellular Links
Control Links
Relaying Device

5G Introduction
Device-to-Device Communication Type-2

Direct communication between devices with controlled link establishment by

the operator
Source
Two devices communicate directly with
each other, with control links provided by
the base station. Though direct, the
communication is entirely managed by the Destination
base station. Since in a central controlling
entity, i.e. the base station (BS) is present,
Base Station
interference management is possible.
Direct Link B/N source and destination
Control Signal

5G Introduction