Slide 1.

THE ROLE OF MANAGERS

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Lecture 3
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The role of managers information

technology
 Using technology to transform organization.
 interpreting and understanding information
Using technology to transform organization.
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what is information technology

 Information technology refers to all forms of technology applied to
processing, storing, and transmitting information in electronic form. The
physical equipment used for this purpose includes computers,
communications equipment and networks, fax machines.
 Data can originate from the internal operations of the firm and from
external entities such as suppliers or customers. Data also come from
external databases and services; for example, organizations purchase a
great deal of marketing and competitive information.
 An information system usually processes these data in some way and
presents the results to users . With the easy availability of personal
computers.
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transforming organizations
 information technology to create innovative organizational structures.
 They will use IT to develop highly competitive products and services,
and will be connected in a network
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information technology and the manager

 Managers are involved in a wide range of decisions about
technology, decisions.
 Managers are challenged with decisions about:
1. The use of technology to design and structure the organization.
2. Determining a World Wide Web strategy. The Internet and World
Wide Web
3. Personal support systems. Managers in a variety of positions use
personal computers and networks to support their work.
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the challenge of change

 Within organizations
Create new procedures, workflows, workgroups.
 Organizational structure

Create new customer-supplier relations, partnerships.

 The economy

Alter the nature of markets through electronic commerce.

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the challenge of change cont..

 The economy
Alter the nature of markets through electronic commerce.
 Education

Enhance "on campus" education through videoconferencing, e-mail,

electronic meetings, groupware, and electronic guest lectures.
 National development

Provide small companies with international presence and facilitate

commerce
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the senior manager (CIO)

 The CIO (Chief Information Officer) is the head of the IS organization.
 CIO’s primary goal is to manage IT resources to implement enterprise
strategy.
 Provide technology vision and leadership for developing and
implementing IT initiatives to help the enterprise maintain a competitive
advantage.
 As the importance of technology has increased so has the position of the
CIO.
 Reports directly to the CEO.
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Twelve Main Responsibilities

The following responsibilities often define the role of the CIO:
1. Championing the organization.
2. Architecture management.
3. Business strategy consultant.
4. Business technology planning.
5. Application development.
6. IT infrastructure management.
7. Sourcing.
8. Partnership developer.
9. Technology transfer agent.
10. Customer satisfaction management.
11. Training.
12. Business discontinuity/disaster recovery planning
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CTO, CKO, and Others

 The CIO, particularly in larger organizations, cannot guide

the enterprise toward the future alone.
 Other strategic areas require more focused guidance.
 New positions created to deal with this growing need.
 Figure 9.1 shows a list of other IT managers and their
responsibilities.
 Figure 9.3 shows the reporting relationships between the CIO and
other IT positions.
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CEO
 "A CEO who is not totally knowledgeable about information systems-
how to invest in them and how they help the business-just isn't
competent. . . . If you look at most successful companies, the senior
officers really understand IT
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Figure 9.1 The CIO’s lieutenants
Title
Chief technology officer (CTO)
Chief knowledge officer (CKO)
Chief telecommunications officer
(CTO)
Chief network officer
Chief resource officer
Chief information security officer
Chief privacy officer
Responsibility
Track emerging technologies
Design and manage IT architecture to insure
consistency and compliance
Create knowledge management infrastructure
Build a knowledge culture
Manage phones, networks, and other
communications technology across entire
enterprise
Build/maintain internal and external networks
Manage outsourcing relationships
Insures information management practices are
consistent with security requirements
Responsible for processes and practices that
insure privacy concerns of customers,
employees and vendors are met
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Chief
Information
Officer

Chief Chief Chief

Knowledge Technology Network
Officer Officer Officer

Name IS Managers
Title

Systems Support
Business Database
Developers/ Personnel/ Other
Analysts Administrators
Developers Operations

Figure 9.3 Sample IS organization chart

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SIX MAJOR TRENDS

six major trends have drastically altered the way organizations:
1. The use of technology to transform the organization

2. The use of information processing technology as a part of

corporate strategy.
3. Technology as a pervasive part of the work environment.

4. The use of technology to support knowledge workers.

5. The evolution of the computer from a computational device to

a medium for communications.

6. The growth of the Internet and World Wide Web.
interpreting and understanding information
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information
 We define information as some tangible or intangible entity that
reduces uncertainty about some state or event. As an example,
consider a weather forecast predicting clear and sunny skies
tomorrow.

 Knowledge is a strategic resource for many organizations. We can

define knowledge builds over time in the heads
of employees in the form of past decisions, processes in the
organization ,characteristics of products, interests of customers, and
similar experiences we have two type (explicit and tacit knowledge)
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A Model for Interpreting Information(factor)

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Decision Making Process

We have suggested that one important role of information systems is to
support decision making. How do people make decisions
1. problem finding or identification.
2. design alternative solutions
3. choice stage for alternatives
4. Implementation for alternatives
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contributions IT
The computer has been called "the machine that changed the world." We believe
that information technology has and will continue to revolutionize management.
To name a few contributions, IT
 Provides new ways to design organizations and new organizational structures.

 Creates new relationships between customers and suppliers who electronically

link themselves together.

 Presents the opportunity for electronic commerce, which reduces purchasing

cycle times, increases the exposure of suppliers to customers, and creates greater
convenience for buyers.
 Enables tremendous efficiencies in production and service industries through

electronic data interchange to facilitate just-in-time production.

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contributions IT
 Changes the basis of competition and industry structure, for example, in the airline
and securities industries.
 Provides mechanisms through groupware for coordinating work and creating a

knowledge base of organizational intelligence.

 Makes it possible for the organization to capture the knowledge of its employees

and provide access to it throughout the organization.

 Contributes to the productivity and flexibility of knowledge workers.

 Provides the manager with electronic alternatives to face-to-face communications

and supervision.
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