How to Write Introduction Chapter

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Contents of Introduction:

•Background of the Study

•Problem Statement

•Research Questions

•Research Objectives

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Contents of Introduction:

•Significance of the study

Theoretical Contribution
Practical Implications

•Scope of the Study

•Thesis organization

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Onion
 Research Philosophies

Positivism Interpretivism
Surface Knowledge Deep Knowledge
Reality has singular meaning Work beyond the reality
Hypotheses Testing
Usually Quantitative Studies Usually Exploratory Studies
Theory Testing Theory Building

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 Contents of Methodology

•Research philosophy •Data Collection Methods

•Research approach •Data Collection Procedure
•Research strategy/Design •Measures
•Operational Definition of •Pilot study
Variables •Demographic Profile
•Target Population •Data Processing & Analysis
•Sampling Technique
•Sample Size
•Unit of Analysis

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 Research Approaches
Deductive Approach Inductive Approach
Hypotheses Testing Mostly Qualitative Data
Deduction of Hypotheses from Theory
Theory Development & Modification Build the Theory
Move from theory to data Move data to from theory

Cause & Effect Relationship No cause & Effect

Independency of Researcher Researcher becomes the integral part of
research process.
Selection of Reasonable Sample Size is
Compulsory
Generalization Not Required
Quantitative Data Qualitative Data
a highly structured approach Flexible Approach

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 Food for Thoughts

Some important concepts:

Word Data is plural

ISI Thomson Routers
Impact factor
JCR Report
Databases
Journals
HEC Recognized
•Don’t use How and Why word in research questions.
•Don’t use explore word in objectives & Questions
•These are useable in exploratory and explanatory studies

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 Research Strategies

•Experiment
• Survey
• Case Study
• Action Research
• Grounded Theory
• Archival Research

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•Experiment
•Mostly used in natural sciences
•More suitable for exploratory and explanatory research
•Casual Relationship (Change & Size of Change).
•Selection of samples of individuals from known populations
•Random allocation of samples to different experimental
conditions, the experimental group and the control group
•Planned intervention or manipulation to one or more of the
variables.
•control of all other variables.

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Survey

•Associated with deductive approach.

•It is a popular and common strategy in business and management
research.
•Most frequently used to answer who, what, where, how much and
how many questions.
•Questionnaire, Structured Interviews

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Case Study
•A strategy for doing research which involves an empirical
investigation of a particular contemporary phenomenon within its
real life context using multiple sources of evidence Robson (2002) .
•Mostly used in Explanatory and Exploratory Studies.
•Answer Why What and How?
•Data can be collected by multiple sources interviews, observations,
documentary analysis

•single case v. multiple case

•holistic case v. embedded case.

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