Mixtures

It is the physical combination of two or

Mixtures more substances in which the identities
are retained and are mixed in the form of
solutions, suspensions and colloids.
Homogenous
Mixtures
It is any mixture in which the substances
are evenly distributed. This means that the
mixture has a uniform appearance; hence,
the individual component of the mixture is
no longer visible to the unaided eye
 Solutions
• It is a homogenous mixture of two substances,
of which one is usually a liquid.

A solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed

of two or more substances. In such a mixture, we have solvent
and solute.

Solvent
It is the substance that dissolves
Solute
It is the one being dissolved
Solubility
This refers to the amount of solute that
can be dissolved in a given amount of
solvent at a particular temperature.

Soluble substances
Substances such as sugar and salt dissolve easily in water. These
substances are referred to as?

Insoluble substances
Solutes that do not dissolve easily in solvents are described as?
Factors that Affect Solubility
Stirring
• Stirring makes the granules of the solute mix quickly with the
particles of the solvent, causing the solute to dissolve faster in
the solvent.
Heating

Heating is another factor in

solubility. Temperature causes the
particles of liquid to move faster and
farther apart; hence, solid particles
dissolve more quickly in hot liquids
than in cold liquids.
Size of Solute
Size of Solute. It
affects solubility
because the
smaller the
particles are, the
faster they dissolve
Nature of Solute
and Solvent
Nature of Solute and Solvent
determines whether they will form a
solution or not. There are substances
whose composition do not match
such that they cannot form solutions
with each other.
Types of Solutions
A diluted
solution is
formed when a
small amount of
solute is
dissolved in a
solvent.
A concentrated
solution is formed
when a large amount
of solute is mixed
with a solvent.
A saturated solution is
formed when there is
much more solute in the
solution than the solvent
can dissolve at a specific
temperature and
pressure. When the
maximum amount of
solute has already been
dissolved, the solvent can
no longer dissolve the
excess solute.
 A Heterogenous Mixture on
the other hand, is a mixture in
which the substances are not
distributed evenly and do not
have a uniform composition.
This is the reason why we see
each component of the
mixture with the naked eye.

Heterogenous Mixtures
Suspensions

Suspension is a two-phase
mixture in which a solid is
dispersed or spread in a
solid, liquid, or gas. A
suspension is a
heterogeneous mixture
because its components can
be distinguished from each
other.

The dispersed materials in a

suspension are coarser or
larger than the solutes in a
solution. These materials
are distributed in a
dispersion medium, which
can either be a solid, liquid,
or gas.
Colloids

A colloid is a homogeneous mixture,

which at times can appear as a
heterogeneous mixture. It is a mixture of
a dispersed phase (the solute in a
solution) and a dispersion medium (the
solvent in a solution). The size of the
substance in the dispersed phase in a
colloid is between those in a solution and
a suspension. The dispersed phase in a
colloid can be solid, liquid, or gas. The
dispersed medium can also be solid,
liquid, or gas.
Types of Colloids
Gemstones, pearls, and colored glasses are examples of solid
sols. Gems are precious stones made as pendants of necklaces
and other pieces of jewelry. Pearls are made into earrings and
necklaces. Colored glasses are commonly used as decorations
in walls or ceilings of buildings and houses.
Gels are colloids that
result from dispersing
liquids in a solid
medium. Examples of
gels are jelly, jam,
cheese, butter, and
gelatin.
When the dispersed phase is
gas and the dispersion
medium is solid, a colloid
called solid foam is formed.
Rubber bands and pumice
stones are examples of this
type of colloid. Styrofoam,
which is used as a packaging
material, is another example
of solid foam.
If solids are dispersed in
liquid medium, colloids
called liquid sols are
formed. Paint, milk of
magnesia, and muddy
water are examples of
liquid sols.
An emulsion is a
colloid formed when
both the dispersed
phase and the
dispersion medium
are liquids. Examples
of this type of colloid
are milk, hair cream,
and mayonnaise.
When gas is dispersed in a liquid
medium, a colloid called liquid
foam is produced. Examples of
liquid foams are froth, soap lather,
and whipped cream.
Colloids of gas are called aerosols.
There are solid and liquid aerosols.
Smoke is an aerosol made up of very
fine solid particles dispersed in gas,
while fog is composed of liquid
substances dispersed in gas. Soot and
dispersed dust are solid aerosols. As
previously mentioned, soot and
dispersed dust can also be considered
examples of suspension when their
particles settle. Insecticides and hair
spray mists are examples of liquid
aerosols. The clouds, which are tiny
water droplets dispersed in air, are also
aerosols.