COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS

Marlyn D. Laksitorini
Lab. of Physical Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutics
Dept.Pharmaceutics
Gadjah Mada School of Pharmacy
References
 Overview
1. Type of Dispersion
2. Example of Colloidal Dispersion
3. Type of colloidal dispersion
4. Colloidal Dispersion Properties
5. Stability of Colloidal Dispersion
 Dispersed System
consist of:
Internal Phase/
Dispersed Medium
Dispersed Phase
 Type of Dispersion
Physical Pharmacy I

Molecular Colloidal Coarse

Dispersion Dispersion Dispersion
< 1.0 nm
1.0 nm – 0.5 μm 0.5 μm
Dispersed Phase:
Dispersed Phase: Large Dispersed phase:
molecules.
Molecule or particles particles
Detection?
Detection?
Filtration?
Filtration?
Diffusion?
Diffusion?
Still remember?
The effect of size and
- Intrinsic Solubility
shape?
- Apparent Solubility
-Energy
- Partition Coefficient
-Color Detection?
- Buffer and its
-Attraction Filtration?
capacity
-If it is in thread? Diffusion?
Homogenous Heterogenous
Molecular Dispersion Colloidal Dispersion Coarse Dispersion
(Exp: Gold Colloidal Dispersion) (Exp: Fat emulsion)
(Exp:Glucose Solution)
 Physical Pharmacy II

Interfacial Rheology
Phenomena

Colloidal & Coarse

Dispersions

Micromeritic
Diffusion &
Dissolution
Example of Colloidal Why it matters?
Dispersions

• Liposome
• Nanoparticles
• Paint
• Milk
• Radioactive Colloids
198Au

98mTc

51Cr
 How to make Colloidal Dispersion?
Molecular Coarse
Dispersion Dispersion

Condensation
Method: Dispersion method:
-Solven removal Ball mill
-Electrochemical Micronizer
method Colloidal Homogenizer

Dispersion
 Type of Colloidal Dispersion
• Lyophilic Lyofobic Amphiphilic/
- Interaction - Interaction between Assosication
between dispersed phase
dispersed phase with medium?
-Interaction?
with medium? - Dispersed phase? -Dispersed phase?
- Dispersed phase: Anoganic molecule -Will it be easy to
organic molecules (Exp: Au, Ag) make?
(within colloid size) - Will it be easy to -How to make this
- Will it be easy to make? colloid?
make? - Viscosity? - Viscosity?
- Viscosity? - Stability?
-Stability?
- Stability?
Sulphur
Gold
AgCl
 Colloidal
Radioapharmaka?

Alginate

Gold Colloidal

Hyun et al, 2010, Colloids and Surfeces B: Biointerfaces, Vol 76 (1),236–240

Silver colloidal
 Colloidal Dispersion Properties
• Optical Properties • Kinetic Properties
1. Farraday Tyndall Electrical Properties
1. Brownian motion
Effect 1. Electrokinetics
2. Sedimentation
2. Electron Phenomena
Microscopy Imaging 3. Viscosity
2. Donnane
3. Light Scattering 4. Diffusion Membrane
- defining the Equilibrium
molecular weight of
dispersed phase.
- defining the
molecular weight of
the micell.
Optical Properties of Colloidal Dispersion
Turbidity
Tyndall Faraday Effect

Chapter Colloidal Dispersion, Sinko et al,

2011, Martin’s Pysical Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, page 392-393
 Viscosity η = ηo (1+ 2.5 φ)
Brownian Motion
(Kinetic Property of Colloids)

Diffusion Osmotic Pressure Sedimentation

Stokes Einstein Equation Van Hoff Equation Stokes’s Law

Electric Properties of Colloids
The Electrical Double Layer

Why does the surface of dispersed phase has

some charge?
Electrical Double Layer?
Nerst potential?
Stern layer?
Zeta Potential?
Diffuse layer?
Which one has a vital role on the colloid
stability?

Chapter Colloidal Dispersions, Hans Schott, 2000, Remington: The

Science and Practice of Pharmacy, page 288-314
DLVO Theory

VT = VA+VR
DLVO Theory
Continued

Chapter : Electrostatic
Forces between Surfaces
and Liquid, Jacob N.
Israelachvili, 1992,
Intermolecular and
Surface Forces, page 247-
249
 Chapter Electrostatic Forces between
Surfaces and Liquid, Israelachvili, 1992,
Intermolecular and Surface Forces, page
247-249
Stability of Colloid
 Colloidal Stabilization:
Electrical and Steric Stabilization

Electrical Stabilization
 LIMITATION OF ELECTRIC STABILIZATION

• Electrostatic stabilization is a kinetic stabilization

method
• It is only applicable to dilute systems
• It is not applicable to electrolyte sensitive
systems
• It is almost not possible to re-disperse the
agglomerated particles
• It is difficult to apply to multiple phase systems,
since in a given condition, different solids develop
different surface charge and electric potential
 Steric Stabilization/Polymeric

• Suitable for multiple phase

Mostly used in stabilization system
of nanoparticles :::>prevent
the further particle growth
• If the polymer been added to
much medium depletion
(jelly)
Chemically bonded or just
physicaly adhere to the
• It is not sensitive toward the
surface. electrolyte
• Particle always redispersible.
 Coarse Dispersions
• Title Page
 COARSE DISPERSIONS
EMULSION SUSPENSIONS

• DLVO Theory still applied

• Electrical double layer still applies
• Stabilization of coarse dispersion is relatively the
same as the colloidal dispersion