Types of AV Aids

Nekha Rani

Post B.Sc.(N) 2nd yr

Types of teaching Aids

There are many aids available these days. We may

classify these aids as follows

Visual Aids
Audio Aids
Audio – visual Aids
 Visual aids

The aids which use sense of vision are called visual aids.
A) display aids
1. chalk boards
2. Bulletin
3. Flannel boards
4. Magnetic board
Visual aids cont..,
B)Printed aids
Pamphlets
Leaflets

C)Projected aids
Slides
Overhead projector
 Visual aids cont..,

D) Dimensional aids

1. Diagrams

2. Models

3. Puppets

4. specimens
 Visual Aids cont..,
E)Graphic aids
1. Cartoons
2. Charts
3. Comics
4. Diagrams
5. Flash cards
6. Graphs
7. Maps
8. Photographs
9. Pictures
10.posters
 Audio aids

The aids that involves the sense of hearing are

called audio aids.

Radio

Tape recorder

Public address system

 Audio visual aids

The aids which involve the sense of vision as well

as hearing are called Audio – Visual aids.
TV
FILMS
VCR/VCD
 VISUAL AIDS

CHALK BOARD
• THE CHALK BOARD IS STILL THE
COMMONEST VISUAL AID USED
FOR TEACHING.
GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE USE OF THE CHALK BOARD

• Telegraph your message. Write only the

key points and not long sentences
• Do not use non-standard abbreviations.
• Develop concept on the board as you
teach
• Use a clean board for each new concept
Guidelines cont..,
• Write sufficiently large letters. Preferable in
running hand.
• Use white or yellow colored chalk for writing.
• Avoid those areas of the board not visible to
all sections of the audience, such as the sides
and bottom
• The visibility can be improved by illuminating
the board with a tube light above it.
guidelines cont..,

• Start your lecture with a clean board,

and at the end of the lecture do not
forget to wipe the board clean.
• Do not talk while writing on the board
• G – face the Group after writing
• U – use a pointer to draw the attention
• I – introduce cloth piece or foam duster
• D – divide the chalk board into 3 parts
• E – encourage to use color chalk piece.
• L – lecturer not to talk while writing
• I – It should be rubbed vertically first.
• N – not to use abbreviations
• E – Encourage to avoid spelling mistakes
• S – Size of the letter 6cm * 8cm
Types of board

The ordinary chalkboard

• A portable and adjustable black board
put on a wooden easel.
• Used to take open classes.
Types cont..,

The roller type chalk board with a mat

surface
• Made of thick canvas wrapped on a
roller.
Types cont..,

• The magnetic board

These are used to make three dimensional
demonstration
Small magnets are used to hold suitable
objects
Board is made up of steel on which
magnets can be fixed.
Types cont..,

• Black ceramic unbreakable board

It is framed with aluminum or teak wood
frame.
Useful for chalk piece writing.
Types cont..,

• Black or green glass chalkboard

It is framed with teak wood.
Available in black or green color
Useful for chalk piece writing.
Types cont..,

• Lobby stand board

It is useful in lobby
Alphabets and figures are changeable
It will be lightweight and easy to carry
Types cont..,

• Exhibition board
It can be folded and expanded easily and
can be used from both sides.
It is of two panels, three panels and four
panels.
Papers and pamphlets can be fixed with
push pin.
Types cont..,

• Double side stand board

It is having one side white board for
marker writing and other side
blackboard for chalk piece writing.
It is fixed on wheel so it can be moved
easily from one place to another place.
Types cont..,

• Tarrif board
It is useful for hanging price list, reception
To welcome the delegates to a conference
and marriage.
Types cont..,

• Paging board
It is having two sides, one side with marker
pen writing and one side letters
interchangeable .
It is useful at public places to receive the
VIP’s
Types cont..,

• Pressing graph perforated board

It can be used vertically, horizontally , in
any place like educational institution,
administrative office.
Types cont..,

• Write and wipe off white board

Marker pen can be used for writing and it
can be erased easily with duster or
ordinary clothes.
Types cont..,

• Information notice board

It is framed with aluminum frame, notices
can be fixed with push pins.
Characteristics of a good chalk board

• The recommended size for a chalkboard is

5m*6m.
• The surface of the chalkboard should be
rough enough to hold the writing on the
board.
• The writing should be easily removable
with a cloth or a foam duster.
• It should be mounted on appropriate height.
Advantages

• Readily available in most of the lecture

rooms
• Electricity is not necessary for its usage
• Sequential development of a concept can
be done effectively.
• Initial and recurring expenditure is
minimal
• Easy to use.
Disadvantages

• Eye to eye contact is lost while writing.

• The written material cannot be stored
and reused.
• Advance preparation of material is not
possible.
Bulletin board

• It will be for both informational and

educational purposes. It can motivate ,
supplement and enrich
learning,stimulates thought.
• It is a simple device placed either indoor
or outdoor, kept in a suitable place, it can
provide a suitable place for the display of
all kinds of creative work of the students.
Cont..,
• It is a soft board, that hold papers to be pasted with the help
of suitable pins or tags.
Items generally used in bulletin board are:
Photographs
Cutout illustrations
Publications
Drawings or art
Specimens
Posters newspapers
Pasting up of announcement , assignment, distinctions,
achievements.
Principle in the use of the bulletin board

• A board for posting notices should be

kept separate from those for current
events and study
• Placing is to have near the educational
administrators office, another near the
library or study room for material in
relation to study , thir
Dimensional aids

• Puppets
One of the old and popular arts in Indian
villages has been puppetry. Puppets can
serve as an effective aid to learning.
Learners or in community, people are very
much interested in puppets and puppet
shows.
Dimensional aids
• Cont..,
Through puppetry you can see puppets doing all
sorts of activities-singing , dancing, riding or
horse back, fighting, playing a tabla or a
sarangi, etc.
In writing or selecting a puppet play, the age,
background and tastes of the students should
be taken into consideration. A short puppet
play is always preferable.
Dimensional aids
• Types of puppets
Hand-puppets : which fit in the hand like a glove
and are operated from below by fingers.
Hand puppets are usually worn on the hand
and the hand moments makes the puppet
move
Rod puppets: which are operated from below
the stage by a combination of rods and
strings.
Dimensional aids
• Cont.;,
Stick puppets: are fixed on sticks. Many types of
fruits/vegetables can be displayed through
them
Finger puppets: are worn on the fingers and are
used in describing certain events, e.g. one
finger puppet can represent the king and the
other the queen. There could be a discussion
or a dialogue between these two.
Dimensional aids
• Model
Models are substitues for real things. Models
are concrete objects to explain clearly the
structure or functions of real things.
It is life size miniature or over size or original
size whether workable or not, whether it
differs from or not from original size of an
object to be studied, which is very useful in
teaching.
Dimensional aids

• Cont..,
Some models can be commercially boght
to teaching purposes, and some can
teacher made.
Low cost models made up of clay, pulp,
plaster of paris, cotton, cardboard,
thermacole, cloth, wood etc.
Dimensional aids
• Cont..,
Model enable students to have a correct concept of
the object, e.g. to teach Anatomy and Basic
concepts in Nursing, Community Health Nursing,
etc.
Teachers can use models to explain the structure in
detail.
If teacher places the model in the class, make sure
that all the students are given enough time to
examine the model.
Dimensional aids
Cont..,
Essential qualities
Accuracy, have value (useful) , solidity, ingenuity.
Functions:
It simplifies reality
Concretizes abstract concepts
Enables us to reduce or enlarge objects to an observable size
It provides the correct concept of an real object, etc.
Promotes creative interest among learners.
Models are good for-demonstrating, making an impact,
explaining a process, etc.
Dimensional aids
Types
Scale model: correct idea of an object can be displayed, e.g. a
dam or project
Simplified model: gives an idea of an external form of an object
e.g. animal, birds
Working modelL to demonstrate in a simple way of an operation
or process , ensure that the model will work.make sure that it
is big enough for the students to see, e.g. fetal circulation
Cross-section model: inside of an object is visible. Immense
value was mainly observed in teaching sciences, e.g. cross
section of blood vessel.
Dimensional aids

Diorama
A model representing a scene with three
dimensional figures, either in miniature
or as a large-scale museum exhibit.
The diorama scene is setup on a small stage
with a group of modeled objects kept on
the foreground , which is blended into a
painted realistic background.
Dimensional aids

• Specimen
Part of real objects taken from the natural
setting.
It is simple that shows quality or structure,
in Anatomy, Physiology, Nursing Labs
the spot specimens will be arranged,
e.g. section of lung, thermometer, hot
water bag, etc..