Seminar presentation on

Cloud Computing Services

Contents
1. Abstract
2. Literature Review

3. Architectural Layers of Cloud Computing

4. Challenges of Cloud Computing

5. Advantages and Disadvantages

6. Conclusion

7. References
1. Abstract
Cloud computing is a highly discussed topic in the technical and economic
world, and many of the big players of the software industry have entered
the development of cloud services.
Several companies want to explore the possibilities and benefits of
incorporating such cloud computing services in their business, as well as
the possibilities to offer own cloud services.
A Cloud provides a friendly environment to its user and in practice, cloud
service providers tend to offer services that can be grouped into three
categories: software as a service(SaaS), platform as a service(PaaS), and
infrastructure as a service(IaaS)

Keywords : Cloud computing , IaaS, PaaS, SaaS.

2. Literature Review

2.1 Cloud Computing

Cloud computing refers to network computing. The term “cloud” is used as a
metaphor for the Internet, based on a previous cloud drawing used to represent
the telephone network, and later to depict the Internet in computer network
diagrams as an abstraction of the underlying infrastructure. The collective view of
cloud computing promoted by scholars and research institutions indicates only a
partial range of difference.
There are various definitions of cloud computing given by researchers and
scientists. Based on these various definitions, this work defines cloud computing
as a large-scale virtualized resource that combines several hardware resources to
conduct parallel and distributed computing. Users can dynamically adjust
computing resources for rapid deployment according to their needs. The payment
includes pay-as-you-go and various Internet applications to deliver services.
2.2 Evolution of Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is not a new technology, but has evolved from the old
technology and ideas. In the 1980s, computing evolved from distributed
computing to grid computing, which was used to solve large-scale computing
problems. Grid computing is a virtual supercomputer that combines many
computers from different locations with the Internet. The computing method
divides a large-scale computing problem into many small computing problems,
which are assigned to different nodes to compute.
The origin of utility computing began as early as 1961, when John McCarthy
mentioned in a speech delivered at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology:
“... maybe one day, computing will be as a public utility for organizations
to use, just like the telephone system. Utility computing may become a new and
important industrial base.” In other words, computing resources may become
general services similar to water, electricity, and gas. Users pay according to
the actual amount of resources used according to demand. Therefore, users
lease resources rather than purchasing them.
 2.2 Evolution of Cloud Computing

1950-1980 1980-1990 1990s 2000s 2001s

Cluster Grid Utility Cloud

Mainframe Computing Computing Computing
Computing

• Mainframe Technology : Primarily used from mid 1950s to 1980,

Responsible for handling large data
• Cluster Computing : Alternative to Mainframe computing,
introduced in 1980s
• Grid Computing : Introduced in 1990s, often referred as subset of
distributed computing
• Utility Computing : Introduced in 2000s with an aim to provide
computing resources to customer based on specific demand
3. Architectural Layers of Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is typically divided into three levels of service offerings as showed
in Fig. 1: Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS). These levels support virtualization and
management of differing levels of the solution stack.

Fig 1. Cloud Computing Stack

3.1 Software as a Service
SaaS is a computing model that offers software as a service to users through the
Internet, according to their needs and customized services. Users do not need to
purchase software to install on their computers, but can rent software from
software vendors through the Internet. The hardware requirements for running
the software are lower than those for using the traditional approach, and users do
not have to be concerned about software maintenance or upgrades. Various
Internet-based business models have continued to emerge, such as the Salesforce
customer-relationship management system. Oracle CRM on Demand,
Salesforce.com, and Netsuite are some of the well known SaaS examples.

Characteristics of SaaS

1. The Software is available over the internet globally through a browser

demand.
2. The Software and the Service are monitored and maintained by the vendor,
regardless of where all the different software components are running.
3. SaaS supports multiple users and provides a shared data model through a
single-instance multi-tenancy model.
3.2 Platform as a Service
PaaS providers offer a managed higher-level software infrastructure, where
customers can build and deploy particular classes of applications and services
using the tools, environments, and programming languages supported by the
provider. The offers include the use of the underlying infrastructure, such as
servers, network, storage, or operating systems, over which the customers have
no control, as it is abstracted away below the platform.
For example, Google AppEngine is a PaaS offering where developers write in
Python or Java. EngineYard is Ruby on Rails. Sometimes PaaS providers have
proprietary languages like force.com from Salesforce.com and Coghead, now
owned by SAP
Characteristics of PaaS
1. PaaS have Services to develop, test, deploy, host and maintain applications in
the same integrated development environment.
2. A Multi-tenant architecture where multiple concurrent users utilize the same
development application.
3. PaaS guarantees properties such as scalability, availability, performance and
accessibility.
3.3 Infrastructure as a Service
IaaS is a form of hosting. It includes network access, routing services and storage.
The IaaS provider will generally provide the hardware and administrative services
needed to store applications and a platform for running applications. Scaling of
bandwidth, memory and storage are generally included, and vendors compete on
the performance and pricing offered on their dynamic services. The service
provider owns the equipment and is responsible for housing, running and
maintaining it
The Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is one of the most widely used
infrastructure platforms. Further popular virtualization services include
ServePath’s GoGrid and the Rackspace Cloud

Characteristics of IaaS

1. Utility computing service and billing model.

2. Automation of administrative tasks.
3. Dynamic scaling.
4. Internet connectivity.
4. Challenges of Cloud Computing
The research on cloud computing is still at an early stage.
Some of the challenging research issues in cloud computing
are given below.

1. Cloud security
2. Performance
3. Data Privacy
4. Reliability and availability of service
5. Advantages & Disadvantages
5.1 Advantages
1. Lower Software Cost
2. Improved performance
3. Fewer maintenance issue
4. Instant software updates
5. Quick setup and deployment

5.2 Disadvantages
1. Using cloud services requires constant internet connections
2. IaaS cloud computing platform is highly dependent on the availability of
virtualization services
3. In SaaS there are concerns related to security and data sovereignty.
6. Conclusion
In this presentation we have successfully understood the cloud computing
architecture and the core technologies of cloud computing. This presentation
also reviewed the evolution of cloud computing and the different cloud computing
service models such as IaaS, PaaS and SaaS.
7. References

• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167739X12001422
• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5719609
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167739X17327814
• https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.649.485&rep=rep1
&type=pdf
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing