Reaction force on Pelton

turbines
• Relative reaction force
• Absolute reaction force
 Relative reaction force
acting on the Pelton runner
The relative reaction force is the force acting
from the jet on a bucket when the runner is
rotating.
This force can be found by the help of Newton’s
2. law:
dw dm
dFR  a R  dm  dm  dw    Q R  dw
dt dt

FR    Q R   w 1  w 2 

The relative flow rate is given by:

  d s2
Q R  A  w 1  A   c1  u1    c1  u1 
4
Further we can find values for the relative velocities

w 1  c1  u1
w 2 u  w 2  cos  2  w 2   w1   c1  u1 

The relative reaction force becomes:

FR    Q R    c1  u1    c1  u1  

FR  2    Q R   c1  u1 
 c1
If we use: u1 
2

Then:  c1  u1    c1  c1   c1
 2 2

The relative reaction force becomes:

c1 c1 c1
FR  2    Q R   2    A  w 1   2    A 
2 2 4

FR    A  H n  g    p
 Absolute reaction force
acting on the Pelton runner
The absolute reaction force can be found by
calculating the impulse from the jet.
This force can be found by the help of Newton’s
2. law:

FA    Q A   c1  c 2 u     Q A   c1   u 2  w 2  

For a relative velocity, w2 = -(c-u)

 u  w 2    2  u  c
The absolute reaction force becomes:

FA  2    Q A   c1  u 
 Exercise 1
Find FA and FR for the runner velocity u = 0
For Hn = 500 m and ds = 0,10 m

c1  w 1  2  g  H n  99 m s

  d s2 2
FA  2    Q A   c1  u1   2     c1
4
  0,1 2

FA  2 1000   99 2  153954 N
4

  d s2
FR  2    Q R   c1  u1   2     w 1  c1
4
  0,12
FR  2 1000   992  153954 N
4
 Exercise 2
Find FA and FR for the runner velocity u = 0,5 · c
For Hn = 500 m and ds = 0,10 m
c1
c1  2  g  H n  99 m s w 1   49,5 m s
2

 d 2
 c1 
FA  2    Q A   c1  u1   2     c1   
s
4 2
  0,12 99 2
FA  2 1000    76977 N
4 2

  d s2  c1 
FR  2    Q R   c1  u1   2     w1   
4 2
  0,12 992
FR  2 1000    38489 N
4 4
 Exercise 3
Find FA and FR for the runner velocity u = c
For Hn = 500 m and ds = 0,10 m
c1  2  g  H n  99 m s w1  0

  d s2
FA  2    Q A   c1  u1   2     c1   0 
4
  0,12 99 2
FA  2 1000   0N
4 2

  d s2
FR  2    Q R   c1  u1   2     0   0
4
  0,12 99 2
FR  2 1000   0N
4 4