DATABASE

MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
01 DBMS Defined

02 Evolution of Database

03 Benefits of DBMS

04 Cloud Computing
A DBMS is a collection of
programs that are used to
create and maintain a
database.
 DBMS is the software that allows the company to access,
manipulate, process, store, update, archive, and delete data. It
acts as the gatekeeper, separating the database from the
users and apps that want to view or change the data.

Source: https://www.smartsheet.com/database-management
DBMS is a general-purpose software
system that provides the following
facilities:

• It provides the facility to define the

structure of database.
• It provides the facility to store data
on a storage controlled by DBMS
• It provides the facilities to insert,
delete, update and retrieve specific
data to generate
 DATABASE
and
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
 E VO L U T I O N O F D ATA B A S E
MODEL Flat Files Hierarchical Network Relational Object Oriented Multi Dimensional
YEAR BEGAN 1940’s 1960’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s

DATA Flat files Trees Trees Tables and Object Data cubes, tables and
ORGANIZATIO relations relations, or a combination
N
DATA ACCESS Low-level Low-level access with Low-level access High-level High-level OLAP tools or
access a standard with a standard nonprocedural nonprocedural object programming languages
navigational language navigational languages oriented languages
language

SKILL LEVEL
REQUIRED TO Programmer Programmer Programmer User User User
ACCESS DATA
ENTITY One-to-one One-to-one, One-to-one, One-to-one, One-to-one, One-to-one,
RELATIONSHIP one-to-many one-to-many one-to-many one-to-many one-to-many
many-to-many many-to-many many-to-many many-to-many
SUPPORTED
DATA AND No No No Yes Yes Yes
PROGRAM
INDEPENDENC
E
A flat file, also known as a text database, is a type of database that stores
data in a plain text format. Flat files typically text files that have all word
processing and structure markup removed.

www.purchasecontrol.com
 E VO L U T I O N O F D ATA B A S E
MODEL Flat Files Hierarchical Network Relational Object Oriented Multi Dimensional
YEAR BEGAN 1940’s 1960’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s

DATA Flat files Trees Trees Tables and Object Data cubes, tables and
ORGANIZATIO relations relations, or a combination
N
DATA ACCESS Low-level Low-level access with Low-level access High-level High-level OLAP tools or
access a standard with a standard nonprocedural nonprocedural object programming languages
navigational language navigational languages oriented languages
language

SKILL LEVEL
REQUIRED TO Programmer Programmer Programmer User User User
ACCESS DATA
ENTITY One-to-one One-to-one, One-to-one, One-to-one, One-to-one, One-to-one,
RELATIONSHIP one-to-many one-to-many one-to-many one-to-many one-to-many
many-to-many many-to-many many-to-many many-to-many
SUPPORTED
DATA AND No No No Yes Yes Yes
PROGRAM
INDEPENDENC
E
Hierarchical Database Model, as the name suggests, is a database model in
which the data is arranged in a hierarchical tree edifice. As it is arranged based
on the hierarchy, every record of data tree should have at least one parent,
except for the child records in the last level, and each parent should have one
or more child records.

https://www.educba.com/hierarchical-database-model/
 E VO L U T I O N O F D ATA B A S E
MODEL Flat Files Hierarchical Network Relational Object Oriented Multi Dimensional
YEAR BEGAN 1940’s 1960’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s

DATA Flat files Trees Trees Tables and Object Data cubes, tables and
ORGANIZATIO relations relations, or a combination
N
DATA ACCESS Low-level Low-level access with Low-level access High-level High-level OLAP tools or
access a standard with a standard nonprocedural nonprocedural object programming languages
navigational language navigational languages oriented languages
language

SKILL LEVEL
REQUIRED TO Programmer Programmer Programmer User User User
ACCESS DATA
ENTITY One-to-one One-to-one, One-to-one, One-to-one, One-to-one, One-to-one,
RELATIONSHIP one-to-many one-to-many one-to-many one-to-many one-to-many
many-to-many many-to-many many-to-many many-to-many
SUPPORTED
DATA AND No No No Yes Yes Yes
PROGRAM
INDEPENDENC
E
Network database management systems
(Network DBMSs) are based on a network
data model that allows each record to have
multiple parents and multiple child records.
A network database allows flexible
relationship model between entities.

https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/article/what-is-a-network-database/
 E VO L U T I O N O F D ATA B A S E
MODEL Flat Files Hierarchical Network Relational Object Oriented Multi Dimensional
YEAR BEGAN 1940’s 1960’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s

DATA Flat files Trees Trees Tables and Object Data cubes, tables and
ORGANIZATIO relations relations, or a combination
N
DATA ACCESS Low-level Low-level access with Low-level access High-level High-level OLAP tools or
access a standard with a standard nonprocedural nonprocedural object programming languages
navigational language navigational languages oriented languages
language

SKILL LEVEL
REQUIRED TO Programmer Programmer Programmer User User User
ACCESS DATA
ENTITY One-to-one One-to-one, One-to-one, One-to-one, One-to-one, One-to-one,
RELATIONSHIP one-to-many one-to-many one-to-many one-to-many one-to-many
many-to-many many-to-many many-to-many many-to-many
SUPPORTED
DATA AND No No No Yes Yes Yes
PROGRAM
INDEPENDENC
E
 A relational database is a type
of database that stores and
provides access to data points
that are related to one another. 

https://www.oracle.com/ph/database/what-is-a-relational-database/
 E VO L U T I O N O F D ATA B A S E
MODEL Flat Files Hierarchical Network Relational Object Oriented Multi Dimensional
YEAR BEGAN 1940’s 1960’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s

DATA Flat files Trees Trees Tables and Object Data cubes, tables and
ORGANIZATIO relations relations, or a combination
N
DATA ACCESS Low-level Low-level access with Low-level access High-level High-level OLAP tools or
access a standard with a standard nonprocedural nonprocedural object programming languages
navigational language navigational languages oriented languages
language

SKILL LEVEL
REQUIRED TO Programmer Programmer Programmer User User User
ACCESS DATA
ENTITY One-to-one One-to-one, One-to-one, One-to-one, One-to-one, One-to-one,
RELATIONSHIP one-to-many one-to-many one-to-many one-to-many one-to-many
many-to-many many-to-many many-to-many many-to-many
SUPPORTED
DATA AND No No No Yes Yes Yes
PROGRAM
INDEPENDENC
E
 An object-oriented database
(OODBMS) or object database
management system (ODBMS) is a
database that is based on object-
oriented programming (OOP). The
data is represented and stored in the
form of objects.

An object database is a database management system

in which information is represented in the form of objects
as used in object-oriented programming. Object
databases are different from relational databases which
are table-oriented. Object-relational databases are a
hybrid of both approaches.
 E VO L U T I O N O F D ATA B A S E
MODEL Flat Files Hierarchical Network Relational Object Oriented Multi Dimensional
YEAR BEGAN 1940’s 1960’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s

DATA Flat files Trees Trees Tables and Object Data cubes, tables and
ORGANIZATIO relations relations, or a combination
N
DATA ACCESS Low-level Low-level access with Low-level access High-level High-level OLAP tools or
access a standard with a standard nonprocedural nonprocedural object programming languages
navigational language navigational languages oriented languages
language

SKILL LEVEL
REQUIRED TO Programmer Programmer Programmer User User User
ACCESS DATA
ENTITY One-to-one One-to-one, One-to-one, One-to-one, One-to-one, One-to-one,
RELATIONSHIP one-to-many one-to-many one-to-many one-to-many one-to-many
many-to-many many-to-many many-to-many many-to-many
SUPPORTED
DATA AND No No No Yes Yes Yes
PROGRAM
INDEPENDENC
E
A multidimensional database (MDB) is a type of database that is optimized
for data warehouse and online analytical processing (OLAP)
applications. Multidimensional databases are frequently created using input from existing
relational databases.
 BENEFITS OF DBMS

DBMS was designed to solve the fundamental problems

associated with storing, managing, accessing, securing,
and auditing data in traditional file systems.
Introducing DBMS software to manage databases results in the
following benefits:

Data security. DBMS allows organizations to enforce policies

that enable compliance and security. The databases are
available for appropriate users according to organizational
policies.

BENEFITS OF DBMS
Data sharing. Fast and efficient collaboration between users.

Data access and auditing. Controlled access to databases.

Logging associated access activities allows organizations to audit
for security and compliance.

BENEFITS OF DBMS
Data integration. Instead of operating island of database
resources, a single interface is used to manage databases with
logical and physical relationships.

Abstraction and independence. Organizations can change the

physical schema of database systems without necessitating
changes to the logical schema that govern database
relationships. As a result, organizations can upgrade storage
and scale the infrastructure without impacting database
operations. 

BENEFITS OF DBMS
Uniform management and administration. A single
console interface to perform basic administrative tasks
makes the job easier for database admins and IT users.

BENEFITS OF DBMS
Database Backup and Recovery
Backup and recovery refers to the various strategies and
procedures involved in protecting your database against data
loss and reconstructing the database after any kind of data
loss.

A backup is a copy of data from your database that can be

used to reconstruct that data. Backups can be divided
into physical backups and logical backups.
Physical backups are backups of the physical files used in
storing and recovering your database, such as datafiles,
control files, and archived redo logs. Ultimately, every
physical backup is a copy of files storing database
information to some other location, whether on disk or
some offline storage such as tape.

Logical backups contain logical data (for example, tables

or stored procedures) exported from a database 
 C L O U D D ATA B A S E

A cloud database is a database service built and accessed

through a cloud platform. It serves many of the same
functions as a traditional database with the added flexibility
of cloud computing. Users install software on a cloud
infrastructure to implement the database.
CLOUD COMPUTING
CLOUD COMPUTING
is the delivery of different
services through the Internet,
including data storage,
servers, databases,
networking, and software.  many of the same functions as
Cloud-based storage makes it
possible to save files to a
remote database and retrieve
them on demand.
CLOUD PROVIDER CLOUD DATABASE
Cloud Providers are A cloud database is
companies that provide a database service built and
Information Technology (IT) as accessed through
a service over the Internet.  a cloud platform. It serves
Microsoft Azure
Amazon Web Services (AWS) a traditional database with the
Google Cloud. added flexibility
Alibaba Cloud. of cloud computing. Users
IBM Cloud. install software on
Oracle
Salesforce.
a cloud infrastructure to
SAP implement the database.
REFERENCES:
A Fundamental Study of Database Management Systems (3rd Edition)

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/backup.102/b14192/intro001.htm

https://www.bmc.com/blogs/dbms-database-management-systems/

https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/article/what-is-a-network-database/

https://www.educba.com/hierarchical-database-model/