J4123-RPTK

PURPOSE:
By the end of this semester, you will:

 have identified and understand the

elements in CAD and CAM in
designing process.
 J4123-RPTK
SYLLABUS
A. Introduction of CAD (T & P)
B. Control System (T)
C. Part programming (T & P)
D. Interfacing (T)
E. CADCAM Integration (T)
F. Concept of Manufacturing (T)

Note:
T – Theory & P – Practical (CADCAM Software – EdgeCAM)
 J4123-RPTK
ASSESSMENT SCHEME (100%)

Assignment - 20 %
Quiz - 20 %
Practical (drawing & project) - 20 %
Test (drawing & theory) - 40 %
 Chapter 1
A. INRODUCTION OF CAD
Definition:
Computer-aided design (CAD) can be
defined as any design activity that involves
the effective use of the computer to create,
modify or document an engineering
design.
 Reason using CAD
There are several important reasons for
using a CAD system to support the
engineering design function:
1. To increase the productivity of the designer.
2. To improve the quality of the design.
3. To improve design documentation.
4. To create a manufacturing data base.
 Design Process
 DEFINITION:
 A decision making process using these
elements
 Basicscience, mathematics and engineering
science.
 To enable available resource (e.g material,
people).
 To meet a desired, measurable goal (usually
resulting in a product or system).
 Design Process
The design process
Generally process of design is characterized
by Shigley as an iterative process which
consists of the following six phases:
1. Recognition of need
2. Definition of the problem
3. Synthesis
4. Analysis and optimization
5. Evaluation
6. Presentation
 Recognition of need

Definition of problem

Synthesis

Analysis & Optimization

Evaluation

Presentation
 Design Process
1. Recognition of need
- problem exists - corrective action can
be taken in the form of a design solution.
- identifying some defect in a current
m/c by an engineer
- perceiving of some new product
opportunity by a salesperson
 Design Process
2. Definition of the problem
- a thorough specification of the item to
be designed.
- it includes the physical characteristics,
function, cost, quality and operating
performance.
 Design Process
3. Synthesis AND
4. Analysis & optimization
- are closely related & highly interactive in
design process.
- development of a certain product design
- conceptualized by the designer, analyzed,
improved through this analysis procedure,
redesigned, analyzed again & so on (repeated).
- until the design has been optimized within the
constraints imposed on the designer.
 Design Process
5. Evaluation
- measuring the design against the
specifications established in the problem
definition phase.
- often requires the fabrication & testing
of a prototype model to assess operating
performance, quality, reliability & etc.
 Design Process
6. Presentation
- concerned with the doc. of the design by
means of drawings, material
specifications, assembly lists & etc.
- design data base is created.
 Application
Application of computers in design
A CAD system can be beneficially be used in 4
phases of the design process:
1. Geometric modeling (Synthesis)
2. Engineering analysis (Anly & Opt)
3. Design review & evaluation (Evaluation)
4. Automated drafting (Presentation)
 Recognition of need

Definition of problem

Synthesis Geometric modeling

Analysis & Optimization Engineering analysis

Design review
Evaluation
and evaluation

Presentation Automated drafting

 Design Process using CAD
1. Geometric modeling
- develop a mathematical description (model-
contained in computer memory) of the
geometry of an object.
- includes creating new geometric models from
basic building blocks, moving the images
around the screen, zooming in on certain
features of the image & etc.
- geometric models in CAD can also be
clasisified : wire-frame models or solid models
WIRE FRAME MODEL
SOLID MODEL
 Design Process using CAD
2. Engineering Analysis
- the form of stress-strain calculations,
heat transfer analysis or dynamic
simulation.
- 2 examples of the software typically
offered on CAD systems are mass
properties & Finite-Element Analysis
(FEA).
 Design Process using CAD
 Examples of Engineering Analysis
 Mass properties analysis
 Interface checking
 Tolerance analysis
 Finite element analysis
 Kinematic and dynamic analysis
 Discrete-event simulation
 Design Process using CAD
3. Design review & evaluation
- some of the CAD features:
a) Automatic dimensioning routines
b) Interference checking routines
c) Kinematics routines
 Design Process using CAD
4. Automated drafting
- to prepare highly accurate engineering
drawings quickly.
- estimate that a CAD system increases
productivity in drafting function by about
5 fold over manual preparation of the
drawings.
 Design Process using CAD
A typical CAD system
Consists of the following components:
1. One or more design workstations
2. Processor
3. Secondary storage
4. Plotter / other output devices.
 CAM
 CAM – COMPUTER AIDED
MANUFACTURING
 Definition
 the effective use of computer technology in
manufacturing planning and control.
 2 categories:
 Manufacturing planning
 Manufacturing control
 CAM
 Manufacturing Planning
 CAPP
 Computer-assisted NC part programming
 Computerized machinability data systems
 Development of work standards
 Cost estimating
 Production and inventory planning
 Computer-aided line balancing
 CAM
 Manufacturing Control
 Process monitoring and control
 Quality control
 Shop floor control
 Inventory control
 JIT production systems
 CAM
 Areas of usage
 In mechanical engineering
 In machining
 In electronic design automation (printed circuit
board (PCB) and integrated circuit design
data for manufacturing)
 CIM
 CIM – COMPUTER INTEGRATED
MANUFACTURING
 Definition:
 is
a method of manufacturing in which the entire
production process is controlled by computer.
 Typically, it relies on closed-loop control
processes, based on real-time input from
sensors. It is also known as flexible design
and manufacturing.
 CIM
 Three components distinguish CIM from
other manufacturing methodologies:
 means for data storage, retrieval,
manipulation and presentation;
 mechanisms for sensing state and modifying
processes;
 algorithms for uniting the data processing
component with the sensor/modification
component.
 CIM
 Areas of usage
 In mechanical engineering
 In electronic design automation (printed circuit
board (PCB) and integrated circuit design
data for manufacturing)
 Scope of CIM

Scope of CAD/CAM

Design

Business Factory Mfg.

functions operation planning

Mfg. control
 CAD
Geometric modeling
Engineering analysis
Design review and evaluation
Automated drafting

Design

Computerized CAM
Cost estimation
Business Systems Business Factory Mfg. CAPP
Order entry functions operation planning NC part programming
Accounting Computerized work stds.
Payroll MRP, capacity planning
Customer billing

Mfg. control

CAM
Process control
Process monitoring
Shop floor control
Computer-aided inspection
 Mass properties Analysis
 Involves computation of such features of a
solid object as its volume, surface area,
weight, and center of gravity.
 Applicable in mechanical design.
 It required painstaking and time-
consuming calculation by the designer.
 Interface checking
 CAD software examines 2D geometric
models consisting of multiple components
to identify interfaces between the
components.
 It is useful in analyzing mechanical
assemblies, chemical plants and similar
multicomponent designs.
 Tolerance analysis
 Software for analyzing the specified tolerance of
a product’s components is used for the following
functions:
 To assess how the tolerances may affect the
product’s function and performance,
 To determine how the tolerances may influence the
ease or difficulty of assembling the product, and
 To assess how variations in component dimensions
may effect the overall size of the assembly
 Finite element analysis
 Use to aid in stress-strain, heat transfer
fluid flow, etc.
 FEA is a numerical analysis technique for
determining approximate solutions to
physical problems describe by the
differential equations that are very difficult
or impossible to solve.
Kinematic and dynamic analysis
 Kinematic analysis involves the study of
the operation of mechanical linkages to
analyze their motions.
 Dynamic analysis extends kinematic
analysis by including the effect of the
mass of each linkage member and
resulting acceleration forces as well as
any externally applied forces.
 Discrete-event simulation
 Used to model complex operational
systems such as a manufacturing cell or a
material handling system, as event occur
at discrete moments in time and affect the
status and performance of the system.
 Example
 Part arriving for processing
 Machine breakdown
 ASSIGNMENT
 DTP 5
 DKM 5
 DTP 3 (KSS)
DTP 5
DKM 5
DTP 3 (KSS)
 ASSIGNMENT # 1 (DEM 6)
A. Define as follows:
1. Wire frame (3D)
2. Surface Modeling(3D)
3. Solid Modeling(3D)

B. Explain basic concept of Finite Element

Analysis (FEA) in constructed model
analysis.

C. Discuss the differences between 2-D

graphic and 3-D graphic in CAD engineering

D. Brief shortly about CATIA and PRO ENGINEER.

Note: Include with your REFERENCES !

Due date: 3rd August 2008.

 J4123-RPTK
ASSIGNMENT # 1 (DTP5)
A. Define as follows:
1. Wire frame (3D)
2. Surface Modeling(3D)
3. Solid Modeling(3D)

B. Explain basic concept of Finite Element

Analysis (FEA) in constructed model
analysis.

Note: Include with your REFERENCES !

 J4123-RPTK
ASSIGNMENT # 1 (DKM5)
A. Discuss the differences between 2-D
graphic and 3-D graphic in CAD engineering.

B. Explain basic concept of Finite Element

Analysis (FEA) in constructed model analysis.

Note: Include with your REFERENCES !