TRACTION ELEVATOR-GROUP3

BUILDING
MATERIALS AND
CONSTRUCTION
TECHNIQUES
VASUNDHARA THAPA,MEHUL DHURVE
TRACTION
ELEVATOR

• Traction Lifts is essentially a

box on steel ropes that are
looped around sheaves
connected to an electric motor.
The sheaves have a
counterweight attached at their
end to balance the load of the
elevator car. Traction on the
ropes raises and lowers the
elevator.

NEHA LACHHWANI
WORKING OF
TRACTION LIFT
• A motor is attached to a sheave (a toothed pulley), with a rope or cable
looped over it. The rope is attached at one end to the lift car, and on the
other end to a counterweight. When the lift is called to a floor, the motor
turns the sheave. This motor can move in both directions – one moving the
lift car up, the other moving it down. As the lift car rises, the
counterweight lowers – and vice versa. The counterweight means there is
less strain on the motor and the whole system, meaning that less power is
required to move the lift car up or down. This is similar to a see-saw – if
there is only one person on the see-saw it takes far more energy to get to
the top, whereas the balance between two people make it easier. Most lifts
will also have an Overspeed Governor, which monitors the speed of the
lift. It is usually linked to the rails in the shaft and can stop the lift car
without cables if required.

NEHA LACHHWANI
TYPES OF TRACTION LIFT
GEARED TRACTION LIFT GEARLESS TRACTION LIFT

ASHNA ZEHRA
TYPES OF ROPING-TRACTION LIFT

ASHNA ZEHRA
MATERIALS FOR TRACTION LIFT
• Through using glass, you can create a reflection from the
light coming in, incorporating the outside greenery into
your space. This is the perfect way to brighten the space
without too much effort, as the glass and its reflections will
do all the hard work, bringing nature effortlessly inside.

• Earthy wooden tones will also be on trend, from the

exteriors to the inside of your home. Paneling is big and can
create a soft yet bold statement, worthy of incorporating
your lift design into.

KHUSHBOO YADAV
MATERIALS FOR TRACTION LIFT
The cab’s wall panels can be finished with nearly Elevator doors can also be designed using similar materials
any type of material. as the interior such as:
• Stainless steel
• Translucent stone, wood and fiber • Aluminum
• Bronze
• Metals like stainless steel and bronze in woven
wire designs Many applications can include mirror finishing or design
skins to incorporate different colors and patterns for a more
• Wood in shades anywhere from a light sycamore intriguing look.
to a dark mahogany.
There are many other options for elevator flooring material,
• Stone such as granite, marble, onyx
including:
• Glass and mirrors • Carpet
• Vinyl
• Rubber
• Stone KHUSHBOO YADAV
 THE PARTS OF TRACTION ELEVATOR

HOISTING MACHINE HOISTING MOTOR MOTOR GENERATOR SET SAFETY

SOLID STATE DRIVE UNITS ROPE BREAK

BRAKE ASSEMBLY JAHNAVI PRIYA ALLURI
 THE PARTS OF TRACTION
LIFT

KAESTNER & HECHT COMPANY,CHICAGO

COUNTERWEIGHT,
FRAME AND FILLERS

OVER SPEED GOVERNER CAR SLING/PLATFORM TRACTION ELEVATOR(MACHINING)

JAHNAVI PRIYA ALLURI
TRACTION LIFT AND DETAILS
Location - swapnil institute of health care ,near katora talab Chowk , civil lines , Raipur ,
Chhattisgarh.

GOPIKA SHRIVASTAVA
DETAILS

GOPIKA SHRIVASTAVA
DETAILS

GOPIKA SHRIVASTAVA
DIMENSIONS- TRACTION
LIFT

KIRTI KHERA,ADITI SHARMA

TRACTION LIFT -USAGE ADVANTAGES
• The main advantage of a traction lift is its
• Traction Lifts could be used for any buildings of higher speed compared with the hydraulic
any height and structure. variety.
• The traction system is also more energy-
• Hydraulic Lifts has no Height limit, So this has efficient as the counterweight balances the
huge application. carload, whereas the hydraulic system
needs to push the car against gravity.
• With both Machine room and Machine Room Less
which is space saving. DISADVANTAGES
• Installation can be 15 to 25 per cent more
• These type of lift has major marker share in the expensive that a hydraulic system.
industry. Traction lifts may also be difficult to
maintain, as the machine’s controls are in
the shaft headroom. This area could be
difficult to access.
GAYATHRI.M
THANK YOU • SUBMITTED BY:
• KHUSBOO YADAV
• GOPIKA SHRIVASTAVA
• NEHA LACHHWANI
• ASHNA ZEHRA
• KIRTI KHERA
• MEHUL DHURVE
• ADITI SHARMA
• ALLURI JHANAVI PRIYA
• VASUNDHARA THAPA
• GAYATHRI.M
 ELEVATORS
BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
ASSIGNMENT
PPT
BY-
 KHUSHBOO YADAV
 This Photo by Unknown
Author is licensed under
GOPIKA
SHRIVASTAVA CC BY-SA

 NEHA LACHHWANI
 KIRTI KHERA
 ADITI SHARMA
 MEHUL DHURVE
 ALLURI JAHNAVI
PRIYA
 VASUNDHARA
THAPA
 GAYATHRI M.
 ELEVATORS
• What is Elevator (Lift)?
• An elevator can be defined as an electric lift which is used as vertical
transportation of goods as well as people among the floors in buildings using
bins otherwise silos. As usual, these are activated with the electrical motors
 that also to drive counterweight system cables for drive transaction such as a
hoist, otherwise, pump hydraulic fluid for raising a cylindrical piston such as
a jack.
WHAT IS A GLASS ELEVATOR MADE OF
 
It may be hard to believe, but glass elevators aren't really made of glass. They may look
like cylinder tubes of crystal and fragile to the touch, but they are actually quite strong
and durable! Pneumatic, clear, see-through elevators are made to be beautiful as well as
strong, and the materials used in building these elevators were chosen specifically for
their durable characteristics. Here is a breakdown on the materials used to build each part
of a pneumatic elevator.
Hoist Cylinder – The hoist cylinder is the largest part of the elevator. It is the "shaft" that the
passenger car travels through and is also the backbone of the system as a whole.
 
The hoist cylinder in a pneumatic, see-through elevator is made from clear polycarbonate.
Polycarbonate is 252 times more durable than glass, which is a good thing, since a shaft made of
this material will be supporting and protecting the elevator car.
 
Polycarbonate was made to resemble glass in transparency yet exceed its properties in durability.
Polycarbonate material is not just used in pneumatic elevators but also used to make eyeglasses,
bulletproof windows, and DVDs.
 
Even though this material is strong, it is also extremely light, making it ideal for the hoist
cylinder of pneumatic elevators. Sheets of polycarbonate are attached to a small aluminium
frame to create the cylinder hoist way.
 
The top of the hoist chamber is capped in steel to keep the chamber airtight.
 
Passenger Car – The passenger car is made of
steel, aluminium and polycarbonate materials.
The passenger car is equipped with an airtight
joint on its roof to ensure air pressure for the
passenger is normal.
 
All passenger cars feature controls and also
have an anchoring system that secures the car
each time it stops at a different floor.
 
The top and bottom of the passenger car are
made of steel for support.
 The elevator car itself is constructed with a
steel framework for durability and strength.
A set of steel beams above the car, called the crosshead, span the
elevator shaft from side to side and hold the pulley for the hoist cable.
A steel structure, called the sling, extends down the sides of the car from
the crosshead and cradles the floor, or platform.
The sides of a passenger elevator car are usually made from steel sheet
and are trimmed on the inside with decorative panelling.
The floor of the car may be tiled or carpeted. Handrails and other
interior trim may be made from stainless steel for appearance and
wearability.
A suspended ceiling is usually hung below the actual top of the car and
may contain fluorescent lighting above plastic diffuser panels.
The elevator controls, alarm buttons, and emergency telephone are
contained behind panels in the front of the car, next to the doors.
 
 
Steel guide rollers or guide shoes are attached to the top and bottom
of the sling structure on each side to run along the guide rails.
The guide rails are also steel and are attached to the interior walls of
the elevator shaft which runs from the top of the building to the
bottom.
The emergency brake mechanism consists of two clamping faces
which can be driven together by a wedge to squeeze on the guide
rail.
The wedge is activated by a screw turned by a drum attached to the
emergency cable.
ELEVATOR ROPES

Elevator ropes are highly engineered and made of steel with

other composites.
Also they are not single wires but several strands of various
sizes wrapped together.
A typical cable or rope can have over 150 strands of wire
precisely designed to be strong, flexible, and give long
service.
Multiple wire strands are used to increase the life of the
cable and give flexibility. When you run a cable over a
pulley wheel or sheave, the part of the wire on the sheave
makes a shorter trip than the outside of the wire. This
stretching over time would create weakness for a single
strand.
So elevator ropes are flexible strong and give long life if
maintained properly.
COUNTER WEIGHTS
High-Density Concrete (HDC) Counterweights
The right elevator counterweight not only provides the balance
and stability needed for a smooth ride, it must fit perfectly into
the design. With the move away from lead weights, and designs
dependent on tighter spaces for counterweight placement,
counterweight technology is ripe for an evolution.
 
Traditionally, counterweights are made from solid steel or
concrete – both of which are effective. But steel counterweights
can be more expensive to purchase because of dependence on
material market price, while more inexpensive concrete weights
are often bulkier in size.
These counterweights are made using concrete enriched with
metal filler – giving you a denser counterweight at a cost that is
lower when compared to steel, and smaller in volume than
traditional concrete counterweights.
 
Counterweights are an integral part of a variety of big machines
dealing with huge load.
The manufacturers prefer using either full cast iron, full concrete,
or a mix of concrete and metal bits. For example forklift
counterweights are commonly made of metals for maximum
space utilization
 
Iron is denser than most materials, thus cast metals for
counterweights have in average three times more density than
pure concrete.

This enables iron to achieve the target weight in less space and
volume compared to concrete which eliminates the cost for
additional material.
THANK YOU
ELEVATOR- MATERIALS
TRACTION LIFT
• MATERIALS:
1. WIRES
 Elevator ropes are highly engineered and made of steel with other composites.
• Also they are not single wires but several strands of various sizes wrapped
together.
• A typical cable or rope can have over 150 strands of wire precisely designed to be
strong, flexible, and give long service.
• Multiple wire strands are used to increase the life of the cable and give flexibility.
 The raw material for steel wire is unalloyed carbon steel with carbon content
of 0.4 or better 0.6 to 0.8 % by weight. Other materials such as silicon and
manganese are only present in minimal quantities as regulated by DIN EN ISO
1612. 
 Steel wires for elevators have nominal tensile strengths of 1370, 1570 and 1770
N/mm². Higher strength levels of up to 2500 N/mm² are possible with special
approval. 
 Consideration is being given in various places to the possible use of alternative
wire materials made of stainless steel. However, ropes made of these materials
have little to recommend them for use in traction elevators due to their inferior
fatigue bending properties compared to ropes made of carbon steel wires.

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TRACTION LIFT

• How are wires protected against corrosion?

 The light lubricant coating on the wires in elevator ropes is generally
sufficient as a protection against corrosion in dry lift shafts.
•  
• (A lubricant must be able to provide protection against these conditions.
1. resist melting and running off at high storage and operating temperatures
2. resist cracking and splitting in cold Weather
3. resist collecting dust and dirt
4. not be affected by acid, salt water, acid fumes, or other industrial pollutants.
• These lubricants are of the solid or greaselike type.
• It has been known to use either petrolatum or asphalt based compounds as
wire rope lubricants.
• Lubricants with particle content (such as molybdenum sulphide or Teflon
particles) are also unsuitable for traction elevators, as these agents can reduce
the friction between rope and groove to an inadmissibly high degree.)

08/08/2021 31
 Fig. 33 Aluminium ferrule with thimble

TRACTION LIFT
Correct Incorrect
Rope diameter  Swaged terminal

• For certain European countries, the

most commonly used suspension rope
diameters are6mm to 22mmaccordingly.
Beyond this, 24 mm ropes are also used
in the high- rise sector. Correct Incorrect
Symmetric wedge
Rope terminations socket EN 13411-7

• A distinction is made between

detachable and permanent rope
terminations, of which only
• those illustrated in Fig. are regularly
used in elevator construction. Asymmetric wedge socket

08/08/2021 32
TRACTION
LIFT
• COUNTERWEIGHTS

 The right elevator counterweight not only

provides the balance and stability needed for a
smooth ride, it must fit perfectly into the design.
 
 Traditionally, counterweights are made from solid
steel or concrete – both of which are effective. But
steel counterweights can be more expensive to
purchase because of dependence on material
market price, while more inexpensive concrete
weights are often bulkier in size.

08/08/2021 33
TRACTION LIFT

•  MATERIALS:
1. CONCRETE- HDC(high density concrete) the density of this
concrete varies from 3360 kg/m3 to 3840 kg/m3, whereas the
density of normal concrete is of the order of 2400 kg/m3.The
density of high density concrete is about 50% more than the density
of conventional concrete. High density concrete is mainly used for
the purpose of radiation shielding, for counterweights in elevators.
2. CAST IRON- Cast iron is an iron alloy containing 2%–4% carbon,
1%–3% silicon and smaller amounts of minor elements. In
comparison, steel has a lower carbon content of up to 2% and a
lower silicon content.
• A few common mechanical properties for cast iron include:Hardness,
Toughness, Ductility, Elasticity, Malleability, Tensile strength.Iron
counterweights and cast iron counterweights are often used in
elevators.
• Cast iron is an alloy with a high carbon content, making it relatively
resistant to corrosion. Iron counterweights and cast iron
counterweights are often used in elevators

08/08/2021 34
TRACTION LIFT
• 3.stainless steel- One of the main characteristics of stainless steel is its minimum
chromium content of 10.5%, which gives it its superior resistance to corrosion in
comparison to other types of steels. stainless steel is composed primarily from iron
and carbon, but with the addition of several other alloying elements, the most
prominent being chromium. Other common alloys found in stainless steel are nickel,
magnesium, molybdenum, and nitrogen.
• Stainless steel counterweights resist corrosion and may feature a threaded shaft so
that the weights can be positioned precisely for balancing adjustments.
• Some properties of stainless steel are high strength and durability, its high and low
temperature resistance, increased formability and easy fabrication, low maintenance,
long lasting, attractive appearance and it is environmentally friendly and recyclable.
Once stainless steel is put into service, it does not need to be treated, coated or
painted.
• Iron is denser than most materials, thus cast metals for counterweights have in
average three times more density than pure concrete.
•  
• This enables iron to achieve the target weight in less space and volume compared to
concrete which eliminates the cost for additional material.

08/08/2021 35
 • DOORS
TRACTION LIFT • STAINLESS STEEL

08/08/2021 36
 • DOORS
TRACTION LIFT • ALUMINIUM

08/08/2021 37
 • DOORS
TRACTION LIFT • BRONZE

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 • LIFT CAR
TRACTION LIFT • STAINLESS STEEL

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 • LIFT CAR 
TRACTION LIFT • ALUMINIUM

08/08/2021 40
TRACTION LIFT

• LIFT CAR
BRONZE

08/08/2021 41
HYRAULIC LIFT
•  The elevator car itself is constructed with a steel framework
or poly carbonate sheet supported by aluminium frame for
durability and strength.
•  
• the elevator shaft or hoist chamber is made of
polycarbonate sheet supported by aluminium frame.
•  
• A set of steel beams above the car, called the crosshead,
span the elevator shaft from side to side and hold the pulley
for the hoist cable.
•  
• A steel structure, called the sling, extends down the sides of
the car from the crosshead and cradles the floor, or
platform.
• the pistons are made of stainless steel, woven wire and
rubber.
•  
• The sides of a passenger elevator car are usually made from
steel sheet and are trimmed on the inside with decorative
panelling.
•  
• The floor of the car may be tiled or carpeted. Handrails and
other interior trim may be made from stainless steel for
appearance and wearability.
 08/08/2021 42
PNEUMATIC LIFT
• The Pneumatic elevator consists of a vertical cylinder and coaxial car which
moves up and down due to the air suction. The elevator working principle is
based on developing an ascending push due to the difference in atmospheric
pressure between the topside and underside of the car. When the system
receives the input so as the car has to ascend, it uses powerful pumps to reduce
the air pressure above the elevator car. During this, the pressure below the car
pushes the elevator car upwards. As long as the pressure above the car is less
than the pressure below the car, the car should be able to rise. When the car
reaches its destination, the vacuum will work to equalize the pressure, and once
the equilibrium pressure reaches the elevator car will stop. Once the car
receives the command to go down the pump reduces the pressure below the
car which results in the car going down. An exhaust fan at the top of the
elevator helps the vacuum to lift the car. The fans or turbines at the top of the
elevators circular tube draws the air out of the tube and pull the elevator cab
upward

08/08/2021 43
 PNEUMATIC LIFT
• The Pneumatic elevator consists of
• 1. A regulating air valve which controls pneumatic depression
and enabling the descent motion and controlling the car
speed
• 2. As the shafts lower part is open there will be the free entry
of atmospheric air
• 3. On each floor, there is self-sealing on the door due to the
action of atmospheric pressure.
• 4. The car has locking devices to stop the car.
• 5. A chute, which is a safe braking device, comes in to rescue
in case of fall.
• 7 A standard pneumatic/vacuum elevator generates 85
decibels while operation and split vacuum lift generate 72
decibels.

08/08/2021 44
 PNEUMATIC LIFT
• Components Of Pneumatic Vacuum Elevator
• The pneumatic elevator consists of 3 main components.
• 1. Exterior cylinder 2. Elevator car 3. Suction assembly
• * Exterior Cylinder
• The cylinder is a transparent tube built around an aluminum steel structure. The wall of the tubes is made of
polycarbonate sheets. The tube comprises a modular section, which easily can fit into one another. The steel is
used to make the roof of the tube, which ensures airtight closings with suction valves and inlets.
• * Elevator Car
• The car moves through the rail, which is supported by the cylinder. The walls around the car are made of
polycarbonate panels. An anchoring system is installed in th cars that activate on reaching the desired floors and
can provide precise and smooth stops. It consists of a mechanical system to lock the car.
• * Suction Assembly
• The suction assembly or head unit is located at the top of the tube where turbines, valves, and other controls are
located. The control cabinet is a metal box housing with a pneumatic controller board and other electrical devices.
The head unit is placed on the same tube that holds the car or installed separately as a split unit at a distance of
up to 10 meters from the lift. The frame of the suction assembly is generally made of fiberglass. The fabrication of
elevator parts, construction, and testing and commissioning of the elevators should be done by well-trained
elevator technicians.

08/08/2021 45
 PNEUMATIC LIFT
• The vacuum/pneumatic elevator can travel a maximum of 4
floors and can be used only in small residential flats. The
installation of a pneumatic elevator is simple as there is no
need for machine rooms, pit, or shafts. Pneumatic elevators
need a hoist cylinder, elevator passenger car, and vacuum
turbines. During installation, the first step is to build the hoist
cylinder. The starting step was to make a plastic panel tied
and snapped together. These panels are supported by an
aluminum frame. Once the full assembly is fitted the hoist
cylinder is complete. The passenger car is then attached to
the rails inside the cylinder and the vacuum head is built in
the car itself or attached to the top of the cylinder hoistway.
This is an energy-efficient system and this type of elevators is
aesthetically appealing. Vacuum elevators travel at a speed of
30 feet/minute and the ride in this elevator is smooth and
effortless. The vacuum powers the elevator and the steel
brakes secure the elevator cab to land in the destination.

08/08/2021 46
THANK YOU