READING

Reading

- is a cognitive process of
decoding symbols to derive
meaning from a text.
Comprehending a Text

• identifying the author’s

purpose
• grasping the main ideas of
the text
• locating important details
• using context clues to
understand unfamiliar words
Comprehending a Text

• answering specific questions

• analyzing the text’s points
• critiquing the text
EFFECTIVE READING
STRATEGIES
1. Getting an Overview of
the Text

A. Previewing
- looking at the readily
visible parts of the text.
B. SKIMMING AND SCANNING

 Skimming
- you look for the main
point of the reading and
identify the ideas that
develop it.
 Scanning
- looking for specific
information.

- to scan the text

effectively, you need to have
an idea of the details you are
looking for.
2. Using Context Clues

- are words, phrases, and

sentences that surround an
unfamiliar word that can help
you recognize the meaning of an
unknown word because the text
gives you information about it.
 Types of Context Clues

1. Synonyms
- are used when the text
has words or phrases that are
similar in meaning to the
unknown word.
Examples:

a. Humpty Dumpty took a

great pleasure in
obfuscating the poem’s
meaning for Alice. His
explanations about were
confusing and
complicated.
b. Alice envisaged the
Jabberwock in her mind. She
imagined its sharp claws and
jaws, and then shivered in
fright.
c. The narrator in the poem
was euphoric at his son’s
victory, for he cried out
triumphantly when the boy
came home.
2. Antonyms
- are words that reveal
the opposite meaning in
relation to the unknown
word.
Examples:

a. The Jabberwock was

relentlessly pursued by the
boy, unlike the others who
gave up easily when they
heard how terrifying the
creature was.
b. The hero in the poem did
not give in to trepidation;
rather, he bravely slayed
the Jabberwock with his
sword.
3. Examples
- are specific details in
a text that are used to
clarify the meaning of a
word.
Examples:

a. There are many eccentric

creatures in the forest,
such as mome raths and
borogoves.
b. Only a few weapons are
truly nifty in hunting
monsters, like the vorpal
sword.
c. The boy’s father was
ecstatic when he found
out that the Jabberwock
was conquered by his
son. His behavior
included laughing,
cheering, and hugging his
son.
4. Explanations and Definitions

- given as clues to describe

an unknown term.
b. Hearing someone “outgrabe”
– which means he is
whistling, bellowing, and
sneezing all at once – can be
a funny sight.
c. Alice thought that “toves”
were curious creatures, since
they were part-badger, part-
lizard, and part corkscrew.
5. Situations

- the meaning of a word

may change depending on its
context, or how and where it is
used.
Examples:

a. The boy wondered if he

should have brought some
back up, in case he could
not take on the
Jabberwock by himself.
b. The hero’s conquest of the
Jabberwock is an
exemplary case of
bravery.
c. The hero is lucky that the
murder of the Jabberwock
does not merit a case in
court!
3. Using Connotation and
Denotation

Denotation

- is the basic, precise,

literal meaning of the word
that can be found in the
dictionary.
3. Using Connotation and
Denotation

Connotation

- is the positive,
negative, or neutral feelings,
attitudes, ideas, or
associations with a word.
Examples:

House - neutral

Home - positive

Shanty - negative
Examples:

Archie likes to save money

while he is shopping.

Tita Jennifer says: He is

thrifty.

Tita Joanna says: He is

stingy.
Examples:

Archie is a hardworker.

Tita Jennifer says: He is very

focused on his job.

Tita Joanna says: He is very

obsessed with his job.