The Development of Western Philosophy and Islamic Philosophy

Prof. Ersis Warmasyah Abbas & Team Teaching

 The Development of Western Philosophy

Mythentric is a mindset that relies heavily on myths to explain

natural phenomena.

Logocentric, natural phenomenon that is no longer called the

activity of a god, but natural activity that occurs causally.

Sumber : Shaleh, Mahadin. 2011.Kontribusi Filsafat Ilmu Terhadap Perkembangan Ilmu Manajeman. Palopo :Alauddin Press
 Thales (624 – 546 BC)
The first natural philosopher

“What is the origin of this universe?“

He replied, the origin of nature is water.

Anaximandros (610-540 BC)

The main element of nature must be all-embracing and above

all it is called Apeiron.

Heraklitos (540-480 BC)

The universe is always in a changing state

Sumber : Shaleh, Mahadin. 2011.Kontribusi Filsafat Ilmu Terhadap Perkembangan Ilmu Manajeman. Palopo :Alauddin Press
Parmenides (515-440 BC)

Reality is a whole united, motionless and unchanging whole.

Pythagoras (580-500 BC)

Returns everything to a number.

Protagoras (481-411 BC).

He said that man is the measure of the truth.

Sumber : Shaleh, Mahadin. 2011.Kontribusi Filsafat Ilmu Terhadap Perkembangan Ilmu Manajeman. Palopo :Alauddin Press
 Gorgias (483-375 BC)
Three proposition, that is:

1. Reality does not exist.

2. If something exists, it cannot be known.
3. Event though we can know the reality, it will not be able to tell others.
Sumber : Shaleh, Mahadin. 2011.Kontribusi Filsafat Ilmu Terhadap Perkembangan Ilmu Manajeman. Palopo :Alauddin Press
Socrates (469-399 BC)

One of the slogans favored by Socrates is the slogan written on

the Shrine of Delphi : “ Know yourself “

Plato (429-347 BC).

General truths are references to the empirical realm.

Sumber : Shaleh, Mahadin. 2011.Kontribusi Filsafat Ilmu Terhadap Perkembangan Ilmu Manajeman. Palopo :Alauddin Press
Aristoteles (384-322 BC)
A philosopher who succeeded in finding solutions to major
problems of philosophy, then unifying them in one system :
logic, mathematics, physics, and metaphysics.

In essence the syllogism consist of three premises:

• all human will die (premis mayor)

Service 2
• - Socrates is human (premis minor)
• - Socrates will die (konklusi).

Service 3
Sumber : Shaleh, Mahadin. 2011.Kontribusi Filsafat Ilmu Terhadap Perkembangan Ilmu Manajeman. Palopo :Alauddin Press
The Development Of Islamic Philosophy
Figures in Islamic Philosophy

Al-Kindi (801-866 M) philosophy and religion do Al-Farabi (870-950 M)

not conflict.
Al-Kindi said that God is Haq ( true ) and will “all that exists or this realm emanates
never exisst before and will ever exist forever from the Divine Essence through ten
There are three human knowladge, that is : intelligences.
1) Sence knowladge
2) Rational knowladge Three levells of thought :
3) Isyraqi knowladge ( illuminative )
- Al-‘Aql Al-Hayulani ( material sence/
intellect),
Muhammad Ibnu zakaria Al Razi (863- - Al’aql bi al-fi’l (actual Intelec),
925 M) believed more in the power of - Al-aql al Mustafad (aquered intelec).
reason, and did not believe in revelation
and prophet.
According to him, the human mind is
able to distinguish between good and
bad.
Al-Razi argues that human pleasure
actually returns to God by leaving the
material world. Sumber : Pratama, Febta. 2018. The History Of Thought: Philosophy In The View Of
Muslim Philosophers Of The Middle Ages. Jurnal IstoriaVol. 14, No. 2
 Figures in Islamic Philosophy

Ibn Sina (980-1037 M)

Ibn Miskawaih ( 932-1030 M )
Emantion philosophy, namely the existence of rays from
Ibn Miskawaih says that there are three
God that radiates to the first mind and up to the tenth
powers of the soul :
mind,namely angel Jibril.
a) Bahimiyah atau syahwiyah
b) Sabu’iyah
Regarding prophetic philosophy, Ibn Sina Said that there
c) Nathiqah
are humans who are endowed with a very strong great
material reason called intuition ( Al- Aql Al -Hayulani)
Regarding love, Ibn Miskawaih says there
are two kinds of love :
1. Love to Allah
2. Love to humans Ibn Rusyd (1110- 1113 M)
According to him, philosophy ins not against
Regarding childern’s education, religion.
Ibnu Miskawaih says there are two
conditions for the child’s main life, namely
phychological conditions and sosial
Sumber : Pratama, Febta. 2018. The History Of Thought: Philosophy In The View Of
conditions. Muslim Philosophers Of The Middle Ages. Jurnal IstoriaVol. 14, No. 2
Advances in the Philosophy of Science in islamic
Times

The triumph of Islamic scholarship, marked

by the transformation of knowladge from
the Islamic world to the West. They live
together and enjoy great religious
tolerence.

Because there has been an intencese

contact, the ideas of the Islamic world have
entered the West, and conversely the ideas
of the western world have entered Islam.

Sumber: freepik.com
The Source of Philosophy and Science in the Islamic Era

Main Source

The main source among Muslims are :

(1) Al Quran,
(2) Sunnah,
(3) Ijma,
(4) Qiyas.

It is due to its fixed nature that Muslims have to use the

deductive method to arrive at decisions on sfecific
matters and at the same time the induvtive method
loses its zeal.

Sumber : Pratama, Febta. 2018. The History Of Thought: Philosophy In The View Of
Muslim Philosophers Of The Middle Ages. Jurnal IstoriaVol. 14, No. 2