Different Schools of

Management Thought
 2

Topics to be covered

• Classical School of Management

• Classical Scientific School of Management
• Classical Administrative School of Management
• Behavioral School of Management
• Behavioral Science Approach
• Management Science Perspective
• Recent Historical Trends
Classical School of Management 3

• Developed during Industrial Revolution

• “One Best Way” to manage & perform tasks

• This school has two branches

 Classical scientific
 Classical administrative
 4

Classical Scientific School of Management

• Need to increase productivity & efficiency

• Emphasis on trying to find the best way to get the most work
done

• Major contributors: Frederick Taylor, Henry Gantt, Frank & Lilian

Gilberth.
 5

Frederick Taylor

Father of Scientific Management

 6

Henry Gnatt

• Gnatt Chart

• Bar Graph
 7

Frank & Lillian Gilbreth

• Studied job motion,

• Interested in standardization &
method study
Basic idea regarding Scientific Management 8

• Developing new standard methods for doing each job.

• Selecting, training & developing workers instead of allowing them to

choose their own tasks & train themselves.

• Developing a spirit of co-operation between workers & management to

ensure that work is carried out in accordance with devised procedures.

• Dividing work between workers & management in almost equal shares,

with each group taking over the work for which it is best fitted.
Classical Administrative School 9

• Focused on the total organization

• Development of managerial principles rather than work

methods.

• Contributors: Max Weber, Henri Fayol, Mary Parker Follet,

Chester I. Barnard
 10

Max Weber

‘Bureaucracy’
Henri Fayol 11

French mining engineer, developed 14 principles based on his

management experiences.

1. Division of work 8. Centralization

2. Authority & responsibility 9. Scalar Chain
3. Discipline 10. Order
4. Unity of Command 11. Equity
5. Unity of Direction 12. Stability of tenure of
6. Subordination of individual personnel
interest to general interest 13. Initiative
7. Remuneration of personnel 14. Espirit de corps
 12

Mary Parker Follett

 13

Chester Barnard

Cliques (exclusive group of people

Acceptance Theory of Management 14

Employees must understand the communication

Employees accept the communication as consistent with the
organization’s purpose
Employees feel that their actions will be consistent with the needs
& desire of other employees
Employees feel that they are mentally & physically able to carry
out the orders.
Behavioral School of Management Theory / 15

Human Relations Movement.

•In early 20th century, basic concern was regarding the interaction &
motivation of the individual within organization as these two area were
ignored in Classical School of Management.

•Theorists viewed employees as individuals, resources, assets to be

developed & worked with – not as machines, as in past.

•Contributors were: Elton Mayo, Abraham Maslow, Douglas McGregor

 16

Elton Mayo

• Hawthorne Studies

• Illumination Experiments
 17

Abraham Maslow

Need Theory or Need Hierarchy Theory

 18

Douglas McGregor

Theory X & Theory Z

Self- fulfilling Prophecies

 19

Behavioral Sciences Approach

 20

Management Science Perspective

Operations Research
Operations Management
Information Technology
 21

Recent Historical Trends

●Systems Theory
●Contingency View
●Total Quality Management (TQM)
Systems View of Organizations 22
Contingency View of Management 23
 24

QUESTIONS?
25