DECISION MAKING

Oleh :
Bambang Edi Warsito, S.Kp.M.Kes
Dosen Ilmu Keperawatan Undip
 Decision Making
• A process whereby appropriate alternatives
are weighed and one is ultimately selected
(Sullivan, E.J., & Decker, P.J. 1997).

(Suatu proses di mana alternatif yang sesuai

ditimbang dan yang akhirnya dipilih)
TYPES OF DECISIONS
• Routine decisions
(Keputusan rutin)
• Adaptive decisions
(Keputusan adaptif)
• Innovative decisions
(Keputusan yang inovatif)
 DECISIONS-MAKING CONDITIONS
• Decision making under certainty
(Pengambilan keputusan di bawah kepastian)
• Decision making under conditions of risk
(Pengambilan keputusan dalam kondisi risiko)
• Decision making under conditions of
uncertainty
(Pengambilan keputusan dalam kondisi
ketidakpastian)
 TYPES OF DECISIONS BASED ON RISK AND
PROBABILITY
Routine Adaptive Innovative
decisions decisions decisions

Objective Subjective
probabilities probabilities

certainty
Risk Continuum Uncertainty
 THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
• Rational (normative) decision-making model
(Model pengambilan keputusan rasional
/normatif)
• Descriptive (bounded) rationality model
(Model rasionalitas deskriptif / terbatas)
• Satisficing
(Memuaskan)
• Political decision-making model
(Model pengambilan keputusan politik)
STEPS IN THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS

1. Identify the purpose (Identifikasi tujuannya)

2. Set the criteria (Tetapkan kriteria)
3. Weight the criteria (Bobot kriteria)
4. Seek alternatives (Carilah alternatif)
5. Test alternatives (Uji alternatif)
6. Troubleshoot (Memecahkan kesulitan)
7. Evaluate the action (Evaluasi tindakan)
 DECISION-MAKING TECHNIQUES
• Artificial intelligence
(Kecerdasan buatan)
• Expert systems
(Sistem pakar)
• Maximax approach
(Pendekatan Maximax)
• Maximin approach
(Pendekatan Maximin)
• Risk-averting approach
(Pendekatan penghindaran risiko)
 GROUP DECISION MAKING
1. Nominal Group Technique (NGT)
2. Delphi Technique
3. Statistical Aggregation
4. Brainstorming
5. Synectics (personal analogy, direct analogy,
symbolic analogy, fantasy)
 STUMBLING BLOCKS (Hambatan)
• Personality (Kepribadian)
• Rigidity (Kekakuan)
• Preconceived ideas (Ide yang terbentuk
sebelumnya)
 CREATIVITY IN DECISION MAKING
• Preparation (Persiapan)
• Incubation (Inkubasi)
• Insight (Wawasan)
• Verification (Verifikasi)
Terima kasih