2-DECISION-

MAKING
Syed Afzal Mahmood
Syed Afzal Mahmood
Levels of Decision – Making
 Decision
DecisionMade
 MadebybyTeachers:
Teachers:
 Decision Made by Headmasters:
 Decision Made by Headmasters:
 Decision Made by the Department of
 Decision Made by the Department of
Higher
HigherAdministrators:
Administrators:
 Individual and Group Decisions:
 Individual and Group Decisions:
 Politicians and Educational
 Politicians and Educational
Decisions:
Decisions:
 ELEMENTS OF DECISION -
MAKING
 Goals
 Information
 Diagnosis
 Alternatives
 State of Nature
 Methodology
 Values
 Decision – Maker’s Personal Philosophy
STEPS
STEPSIN
INDECISION
DECISION––MAKING
MAKING
 Recognition
Recognition ofof the
the Problem
Problem
 Diagnosis
Diagnosis and
and Definition
Definition
 Collection
Collection and
and Analysis
Analysis ofof Informational
Informational
Inputs
Inputs
 Development
Development of of Alternatives
Alternatives
 Evaluation
Evaluation of
of Alternatives
Alternatives
 Making
Making the
the Decision
Decision or or Choosing
Choosing the
the Best
Best
Alternative
Alternative
 Implementing
Implementing the the Chosen
Chosen Course
Course of
of Action
Action
 TECHNIQUES OF DECISION
MAKING
 Judgment Techniques
 Principles of Management
 Behavioral Techniques
 Heuristic Approaches
 Economic and Financial Techniques
 Model Approach to Decision – Making in
Educational Planning and
Administration
 RATIONALITY IN DECISION –
MAKING
 Pressure Group and Decision –
Making
(i) Pressure groups within the
institutions:
(ii) Associations and unions:
(iii) Politicians:
(iv) Press:
Suggestion
Suggestionfor
forDecision
Decision––
Makers
Makers
 Compliments To
 Sir Hamid Nadeem Sahib

 Lecturer in EPM

 AIOU,Islamabad.
To My Great Scholars