PROROCOL RELATED TO

OZONE LAYER DEPLETION

By : Swethan Sidharth
9 B3
 MONTREAL PROTOCOL
 The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the
Ozone Layer, also known simply as the Montreal
Protocol, is an international treaty designed to protect
the ozone layer by phasing out the production of
numerous substances that are responsible for ozone
depletion.

 Signed 26 August 1987, it was made pursuant to the 1985

Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone
Layer, which established the framework for
international cooperation in addressing ozone depletion
 .

 As a result of the international agreement, the

ozone hole in Antarctica is slowly recovering.
Climate projections indicate that the ozone layer
will return to 1980 levels between 2050 and 2070.

 The Montreal Protocol's success is attributed to its

effective burden sharing and solution proposals,
which helped mitigate regional conflicts of interest,
compared to the shortcomings of the global
regulatory approach of the Kyoto Protocol.
 .

 However, global regulation was already being

installed before a scientific consensus was
established, and overall public opinion was
convinced of possible imminent risks with the
ozone layer.

 The Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol

have each been ratified by 196 nations and the
European Union, making them the first universally
ratified treaties in United Nations history.
 .

 Due to its widespread adoption and implementation,

the Montreal Protocol has been hailed as an example
of exceptional international cooperation, with Kofi
Annan describing it as "perhaps the single most
successful international agreement to date".
 The treaties are also notable in the unique
expedience of global action, with only 14 years
lapsing between a basic scientific research discovery
(1973) and the international agreement signed (1985
and 1987).