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Important Treaties, Conventions and Protocols

 30th October, 2022  Prelims

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With the growing urge among nations to stick together united in the era of globalization, Treaties, Conventions and Protocols are
very important. The major difference between the difference between Treaty, Convention & Protocols are detailed below:

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3/16/24, 6:41 PM List of Important Treaties, Conventions and Protocols | IAS GYAN

1. Treaties:- Treaty is an agreement in written form between nation states (or international agencies, that have been given treaty
making capacity by the states that created them) that is intended to establish a relationship governed by International Law.

2. Convention:- It is a meeting or formal assembly, as of representatives or delegates, for discussion of and action on particular
matters of common concern.

3. Protocols:- It is an official procedure or system of rules governing affairs of state or diplomatic occasions.

Here is a list of important International Treaties, Conventions and Protocols. They cover the most significant points in
International history and have helped in shaping International Law, Human Rights, etc.

List of Treaties, Conventions and Protocols

Sl No Name Purpose Signed Organisation

1 Paris Agreement Aim is to strengthen the global response to 2015 Action Plan of the UNFCC
the threat of climate change by keeping a
global temperature rise this century well
below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial
levels

2 Brundtland Report Gave concept of Sustainable Development 1987

3 Agenda 21 Action agenda for the UN that can be 1992 Action Plan of the UN

 executed at local, national and global level

4 World Heritage Convention Defines the kind of natural &cultural sites 1988 Multilateral Environment
which can be considered as World Heritage Agreement
Site under UNESCO

5 Vienna Convention Framework on Protection of Ozone Layer 1988 Multilateral Environment

Agreement

6 Ramsar Convention on Framework for Conservation of Wetlands & 1971

Wetlands their Resources

7 Convention on International Protection of Wild Animals and Plants from 1963 International Union of
Trades in Endangered Illegal trade to save their life Conservation of Nature

8 Kyoto Protocol Set Emission Target for Developed Countries 1997 UNFCC

9 Montreal Protocol Agreement to Protect the Ozone Layer by 1987 -

phasing out Production and Consumption of
Ozone Depleting Substances

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3/16/24, 6:41 PM List of Important Treaties, Conventions and Protocols | IAS GYAN

10 Minamata Convention Protection of Human Health and Environment 2013 UN Treaty

from the Harmful Effect of Mercury

11 Bonn Convention Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild 1983 United Nations Environment
Animals Programme

12 UN Framework Convention To Stabilize Greenhouse Gas Concentration in 1992 InterGovernmental Treaty

on Climate Change Atmosphere

13 Basel Convention To Reduce the Movements of Hazardous 1989

Waste

14 Stockholm Convention on To Eliminate or Restrict the Use and 2001 Stockholm, Sweden
Persistent Organic Pollutants Production of Persistent Organic Pollutants

15 Benzene convention Prevention from Toxic Substances arising from 1971

Benzene

16 UN Convention on the Law For Rights & Responsibilities of Nations for 1982
of the Sea Use of Ocean Water and established
Guidelines for Marine Natural Resources

17 Convention on Biological Conservation of Biological Diversity and 1993

 Diversity Sustainable Use of Components of Biological
Diversity

18 Convention of Desertification To Combat Desertification and Mitigate the 1994 United Nation
Effects of Drought through National Action
Programs

19 Barcelona Convention Protection of Mediterranean Sea from 1976 United Nation Environmental
Pollution Programme

20 Rotterdam Convention The Prior Informed Consent Procedure for 1998 UN treaty
Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides
in International Trade

21 Nagoya Protocol Access to Genetic Resources and Fair and 2010 Second Protocol on CBD
Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from
their Utilization to the Convention on
Biological Diversity

22 Cartagena Protocol Protect Biological Diversity from the Risks 2000 First Protocol on CBD
Posed by Genetically Modified Organisms

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3/16/24, 6:41 PM List of Important Treaties, Conventions and Protocols | IAS GYAN

23 Nairobi Declaration Agreement Between the Parties to work for 1985 UN Environment's Regional
the Prosperity of Western Indian Ocean Seas Programme
Region

24 Helsinki Declaration Set of Ethics for Human Experimentation 1964

developed for Medical Community

25 Geneva Protocol Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, 1925

Poisonous or other Gases, and of
Bacteriological Methods of Warfare

26 CITES Convention CITES (The Convention on International Trade 1963 IUCN

in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora also known as the Washington
Convention) is a multilateral treaty that was
drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in
1963 at a meeting of the international Union
for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

27 Bamako Convention Convention of African nation which bans the 1991

importation into Africa and the control of
trans boundary movement and management
of hazardous waste within Africa

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