Capacity Building Training on

Energy Efficiency
Introduction to Energy and Building Sector
Energy Efficiency
03rd August 2021
Speaker Bio

Yogaanandh Tanggaraju is the Technical Director of Danish Energy Efficiency

Partners Sdn Bhd. Mr. Tanggaraju has a working experience of 17
years, managing carbon, energy and environmental related
consultancy projects. As a professional, he is a Registered Electrical Energy
Manager (REEM), under the Malaysian Energy Commission and certified as an
expert in Measurement and Verification plan (IPMVP).
Over his 17 years working experience, Mr. Tanggaraju has mainly assisted and
executed projects in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand (IMT) on climate
change, sustainability and energy efficiency projects.
At present, Mr. Tanggaraju is in-charge of the technical and finance-related
matters for the Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) in Melaka (Malaysia)
and the ESCO-EPC concept expansion in South East Asia for Danish Energy
Management A/S.
 TIMELINE OF ENERGY SOURCE AND APPLICATION
1974
First PV cell
Passive solar energy usage 644 developed by
in homes (i.e., Greece, First windmill, with 1700s Joseph Lindmayer in
India, China, etc) – vertical axis, used in Maori use US.
direction of homes and Iran. geothermal hot 1986
buildings. 500BC water and coal for Worst nuclear
cooking and meltdown occurs –
heating. Chernobyl UKR

2000s

200BC
1600s July 2021
Coal mining begins
Widespread
1993
in China – first 1859 World’s first Gas spill from
use of coal
200,000BC evidence of use of
around the First oil well drilled in commercial ruptured pipeline in
Evidence for first fossil fuel for energy. Penns US. wind turbine - Gulf of Mexico
world.
controlled use of Subsequently, NZ
fire for warmth Standard Oil was
and cooking. 1100 formed by JD 2010
First windmills in Rockefeller. DEEP Water Horizon – worst oil
Europe. spill in the history of petroleum
industry
WORK
 Work is done when a
task produces a
change in energy
 Factors affecting work
done:
The application of a force
The movement of the
object by that force over a
distance
 LOAD

FULCRUM CLASS 1
LEVER

EFFORT
 EFFORT
LOAD
CLASS 2
LEVER

FULCRUM
LOAD
EFFORT
CLASS 3
LEVER

FULCRUM
WORK
 Work is done when a
task produces a
change in energy
 Factors affecting work
done:
The application of a force
The movement of the
object by that force over a
distance
Work = Force x Distance
W = Fd
1 J = 1 Nm
POWER
How much work is performed
over a period of time
Therefore:
Power = Work / Time
P = W/t
Units: Watts (W);
1 W = 1 J/s
ENERGY
 Energy: The capacity or
ability of an object to do
work / to move an object by
the application of force.
 Units: British Thermal
Unit (Btu), kWh (kilowatt
hours)
 Types of energy include:

 Mechanical: Energy of
movement and position
 Chemical: Energy stored
in chemical bonds of
molecules
ENERGY
 Thermal: “Heat energy”
stored in materials at a
certain temperature
 Nuclear: Energy
produced from the
splitting of atoms
 Radiant Energy: Energy
traveling the form of
electromagnetic waves
 Electric Energy: Energy
traveling as the flow of
charged particles
(i.e. electrons)
MECHANICAL Mechanical Energy: Energy of
ENERGY
movement and position
There are two major types of
mechanical energy
Potential Energy: Energy of
position
Kinetic Energy: Energy of
motion
POTENTIAL Gravitational Potential
ENERGY
Energy: The potential due to
elevated positions
P.E. = mass x gravity x height
P.E. = mgh
Recall: weight = mass x
gravity
P.E. = weight x height
KINETIC
ENERGY

Objects in motion are capable

of doing work
KE = ½.mass.velocity2
KE = ½mv2
MECHANICAL
ENERGY
EFFICIENCY Efficiency: A machine’s ratio
of useful work output to total
work input
Efficiency is expressed as a
percent

Efficiency = Useful Work Output

Total Work Input
WORK DONE!
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
AND CONSERVATION
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
AND CONSERVATION

 Energy Efficiency and

Conservation is doing
more with the same
amount of energy or less
energy.
 Energy Efficiency and
Conservation saves
money and makes
buildings more
comfortable, healthy, and
safe.
 ENERGY
MANAGEMENT

E
ENERGY ENERGY
EFFICIENCY CONSERVATION
ENERGY Energy efficiency (EE) involves the
EFFICIENCY
use of technology that requires less
energy to perform the same function.
Focuses on the equipment or
machinery being used.
One example is installing LED light
bulbs throughout the house.
ENERGY Energy conservation includes any
CONSERVATION
behavior that results in the use of less
energy.
Focuses on the behavior of people.
One example is using daylighting
through windows rather than turning
on the lights.
ENERGY MANAGEMENT

 Reduces consumption
 Promotes efficiency
 Increases comfort, safety &
awareness
 Reduces pollution
 Makes our economy stronger
 Increases our energy security
WHEN WE LOOK FOR WAYS TO
SAVE ENERGY IN A BUILDING,
WE MUST KEEP IN MIND…

EHS issues related to occupants

IAQ – sufficient ventilation
Comfort of occupants
HOW DOES YOUR
BUILDING CONSUME
ENERGY? AND WHY?
HOW?

HVAC
Envelope
(passive)
Lighting
Plug Loads
 Incandescent
LIGHTING
Fluorescent
LED
HID
 Incandescent
LIGHTING
Fluorescent
LED
HID
PLUGLOAD

 Photocopiers
 Server room
 Water dispensers
 Computers
 Printers
 Mobile phones
 Heating System (boiler, furnace)
HVAC
Ventilation System
Air Conditioning (chillers)
Hot Water
Thermostats
Ducts and Pipes
HVAC
FEATURES OF EFFICIENT OFFICE
SPACE

 Ample daylight
 Zone-based optimal cooling
 Occupancy sensors
 Well-insulated
 Variable ventilation control
 etc
https://globalabc.org/resources/publications/2020-global-status-report-buildings-and-construction
ENERGY AUDIT
ENERGY AUDIT Lighting Levels
PARAMETERS (BASIC
INVESTIGATION) Temperature and Rh Levels
Electrical load at zones/floors
FL ballast type
INTERNAL
ENERGY AUDIT

 HVAC

 Envelope (passive)

 Lighting

 Plug Loads
ENERGY AUDIT
ENERGY AUDIT PARAMETERS (BASIC INVESTIGATION)
Q&A
Cases
EnMS
SDG

T H A N K YO U

PM
EE Inv
DEEP
Jorn Lykou Morten Sondergaard
danish-energy-management @DEM_Global
Yogaanandh T

Core
CEO (lyk@dem.dk) VP & MD (mos@dem.dk) CONS. & TD (yat@dem.dk)
DEM & DEEP PS DEM & DEEP SB DEM & DEEP SB

Journe