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Introduction to
SETS
GEORG CANTOR (1845- 1918)

Developed the
THEORY OF SETS
 DEFINITION OF A SET
Cantor described a set as a collection of
DEFINITE, DISTINGUISHABLE
objects of our perception to be conceived as
a whole.
The individual objects are called
ELEMENTS or MEMBERS of the
set.
 A set is any
WELL- DEFINED
collection of
objects
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING
COLLECTIONS ARE SETS?
A.The past governors of Bohol
province

X
B.Good runners who have played
for the national team
NOTATION AND DESCRIPTION
OF A SET

BRACES

X
() { }[]
 ELEMENTS OF A SET ARE
SEPARATED BY COMMA

A= {1, 2 ,3, 4}
METHODS OF DESCRIBING A SET

1. Roster Method or Tabular Method

2. Rule Method or Set-Builder Notation

Roster Method or Tabular Method

Elements are listed or enumerated

A= {a, e, i, o, u}
B= { 2, 4, 6 , 8, 10}
 Rule Method or Set-Builder
Notation

Common characteristics
of the elements of a set
are described
 Rule Method or Set-Builder
Notation

A= {vowel letters in the English Alphabet}

A={x/x is a vowel letter in the English Alphabet}

 Rule Method or Set-Builder
Notation

B= {days of the week that begin with

letter S}
B= {x/x is a day of the week beginning
with letter S}
Sets are usually denoted by capital letters such as

∈ ∈
   
A, B, C and so on.

An element of
Not an element of
Given set:
S= (x/x is a kind of flower)
• 

Rose
Mango
Additional
Descriptions
• 
A set without elements is
called an empty set or null
set and is denoted by { } or
the symbol ø.
A= { } or A=
A set which contains
only one element is
called UNIT SET.
 Universal set or universe is
the set that comprises all
elements being considered in
a particular discussion. It is
denoted by big letter U
CARDINALITY OF A SET
Refers to the number of elements in
a given set.
Example: A= {a,e,i,o,u}

n(A)= 5
EQUAL AND EQUIVALENT

EQUAL
SET A SET B

a, e, i, u, o, i,
o, u e, a
EQUAL AND EQUIVALENT

EQUIVALENT
SET A SET B

≅
 

a, c, d, u, o, i,
e, f e, a