Non-Destructive Testing

(NDT)
Lecture - 1
 Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)

• Non destructive testing(NDT) is one of the

important methods used for evolution and
quality control of metal components.
• Non-destructive testing (NDT) is a wide
group of analysis techniques used in science
and technology industry to evaluate the
properties of a material, component or system
without causing damage
• These tests are used to locate or find out the
defects or flaws in the component.
 Difference Between Destructive And Non Destructive Test

Non-Destructive Test Destructive Test

Used for finding out defects of materials
Used for finding out the properties of the
material
No load applications, so no chance for
material damage
No requirement of special equipment
Used for finding out the properties of the
material
Used for finding out the properties of the
material
Due to load application, material gets
damaged
Special equipment are required

Non expensive Expensive

Less skill Skill is require

Example: dye penetrate test, ultrasonic, Example: tensile test, compression test,
radiography, etc. hardness test, etc.
 Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) - Advantage

• The equipment are easy to handle

• Defects can be detected without damaging the components
• Methods are quick and accurate
• Components can be sorted out on the basis of electrical, magnetic or
chemical properties
• Test results and other information can be conveniently recorded on paper
films, cassettes and floppies.
 Rebound Hammer Test - Introduction
• The rebound hammer test is one of the non-destructive tests used to check the
compressive strength of concrete .
• An empirical relationship has been determined between the a absorbed by the
concrete when given a high impact and its compressive strength .
• The rebound hammer is designed to carryout instant non-destructive test on
concrete structure without damage and gives an immediate indication of the
compressive strength of the concrete using the calibration curve applied each
instrument .
• The hammer is simply pressed firmly against the concrete whereupon a powerful
internal spring is first compressed and thin tripped to deliver a hammer blow
through the hardened concrete trip to the surface being tested.
• Rebound hammer test is done to find out the compressive strength of concrete by
using rebound hammer as per IS: 13311 (Part 2) – 1992
Rebound Hammer Test - Introduction
 Rebound Hammer Test - Principal
• It consist of a spring control hammer that slides on a plunger within a tubular
housing.
• When the plunger is pressed against the surface of the concrete, the mass rebound
from the plunger. It retracts against the force of the spring.
• The hammer impacts against the concrete and the spring control mass rebounds,
taking the rider with it along the guide scale.
• By pushing a button, the rider can be held in position to allow the reading to be
taken.
• The distance travelled by the mass, is called the rebound number.
• It is indicated by the rider moving along a graduated scale.
• Each hammer varies considerably in performance and needs calibration for use on
concrete made with the aggregates from specific source.
• The test can be conducted horizontally, vertically—upwards or onwards or at any
intermediate angle. At each angle the rebound number will be different for the same
concrete and will require separate calibration.
Rebound Hammer Test - Principal
Rebound Hammer Test - Principal
 Rebound Number and Surface hardness of Concrete
• By measuring the rebound number we can determine the quality of the concrete in
terms of the Surface Hardness Of concrete
• The Surface hardness is very much related with the average rebound number.

Average rebound Number Quality of Concrete

> 40 Very good Hard Layer
30 to 40 Good Layer
20 to 30 Fair
< 20 Poor Concrete
0 Delaminated
Rebound Number and Compressive Strength of Concrete
 Advantages
• Simple to use. No special experience is needed to conduct the test.
• Establishes uniformity of properties.
• Equipment is inexpensive and is readily available.
• A wide variety of concrete test hammers is available with an operational range of
M10 to M70.

Disadvantage
Evaluates only the local point and layer of masonry to which it is applied.
No direct relationship to strength or deformation properties.
Unreliable for the detection of flaws.
Cleaning maintenance of probe and spring mechanism