DESIGN OF COMPOSITE COLUMN

Under the guidance of Prepared by

Professor
Pragati singh
Santosh kumar das
Assisant Professor BCE 4th year
Department of Civil Roll:001610401065
Engineering
Jadavpur University
INTRODUCTION
Composite structure is a structure made with steel and concrete where hot rolled
steel sections are used as structural members. A steel-concrete composite column is
a compression member consisting of
Concrete encased hot-rolled steel section
Or a concrete filled tubular section of hot-rolled steel.

Certain salient point of Composite column are as follows:

Both the steel and concrete would resist the external loading by
interacting together by bond and friction.
 Supplementary reinforcement in the concrete encasement
prevents excessive spalling of concrete both under normal load
and fire conditions.
The lighter weight and higher strength of steel permit the use
of smaller and lighter foundations.
The subsequent concrete addition enables the building frame to
easily limit the sway and lateral deflections.
ADVANTAGE OF COMPOSITE
COLUMN

Increased strength for a given cross sectional dimension.

Increased stiffness, leading to reduced slenderness and
increased buckling resistance.
Good fire resistance in the case of concrete encased
columns.
Corrosion protection in encased columns.
Erection of high rise building in an extremely efficient
manner.
Formwork is not required for concrete filled tubular
sections.
TYPES OF COMPOSITE COLUMN
There are three types of composite column based on their concrete encasement
and steel section.They are as follows:
Concrete encased steel columns.
The steel core provides shear capacity and ductile resistance to subsequent
cycles of loading.
Typical cross section is given below
 Concrete-filled steel tubular composite columns
The confined concrete fill increases the axial load resistance due to better confinement

effect provided by steel tubes

This types of column have better resistance to biaxial bending as steel are placed at
extremities of cross section.
Inward buckling pf column is prevented by concrete fill.
Typical cross section:

Rolled section columns partly encased in concrete:

DESIGN METHODOLOGY
The method of design suggested in largely follows EC4, which incorporates the
latest research on composite construction. Composite column must also be designed
for the Ultimate Limit State. Design methods are:
Resistance of cross-section to compression
The plastic compression resistance of a composite cross-section represents the
maximum load that can be applied to a short composite column. The plastic
resistance of an encased steel section is given by the sum of the resistances of the
components as follows :

 Effective elastic flexural stiffness

Composite columns may fail in buckling and one important parameter for the
buckling design of composite columns is its elastic critical buckling load (Euler
Load), Pcr, which is defined as follows:

Where (EI)e is effective flexural stiffness which is given as follows:

(EI)e=EaIa+0.8EcIc+EsIs

Where 0.8EcIc is the effective stiffness of the concrete; the factor 0.8 is an
empirical multiplier (determined by a calibration exercise to give good
agreement with test results)
Non-dimensional slenderness
The plastic resistance to compression of a composite cross-section Pp,
represents the maximum load that can be applied to a short column. Non
dimensional slenderness ratio (λ-) is given as

Ppu is resistance of the cross-section to compression.

 Resistance of members to axial compression
It should be checked that wheather:
P< χ Pp

where
Pp is the plastic resistance to compression of the cross-section.
And P is ultimate load applied load.
χ is the reduction factor due to column buckling and is a function of the non
dimensional slenderness of the composite column.
The European buckling curves illustrated are proposed to be used for composite
columns to find reduction factor.They are selected according to the types of the steel
sections and the axis of bending:
curve a : for concrete filled tubular sections
curve b : for fully or partially concrete encased I-sections buckling about the strong
axis of the steel sections (x-x axis).
curve c : for fully and partially concrete encased I-sections buckling about the weak
axis of the steel sections (y-y axis).
These curves can also be described mathematically as follows:

Φ=0.5(1+α(λ- -.2)+ λ- 2) (15)

where
The factor α allows for different levels of imperfections and residual stresses in the
columns corresponding to curves a, b, and c.

Table 1: Imperfection factor α for the buckling curves

DESIGN PROBLEM
INPUT DATA FOR DESIGN EXAMPLE
Design axial load (Pu) = 2700 kN,
Column Size = 350mm X 350 mm
Material property

Grade of Concrete(considering cube) = 30 N/mm2

Grade of structural steel = 250 N/mm2
Grade of reinforcing steel Fe 415
Modulus of elasticity of steel Es = 200 kN/mm2

Partial safety factors

γa =1.15 ,γc = 1.5,γs = 1.15

Assumption of structural steel section:

Lets us assume ISHB 250

SECTION PROPERTIES OF THE GIVEN SECTION

(1) Steel section

Aa = 6971 mm2 ,h= 250 mm ,tw = 8.8 mm
Iax = 79.8 * 106 mm4 ,Iay = 20.1* 106 mm4
2) Reinforcing steel
Area reinforcement = 0.5% of gross concrete area = 0.5/100 * ( 115529)
= 578 mm2
Provide 4 bars of 14 mm dia., As = 616 mm2

(3) Concrete
Ac = Agross – Aa-As = 350 * 350 – 6971 –616 =114913 mm2

DESIGN CHECKS

(1)Plastic resistance of the section

Pp = [6971 X 250 /1.15 + 0.85 X 114913 X 25 /1.5 + 616 X 415/1.15]/1000

=3366 kN

2) Calculation of Effective elastic flexural stiffness of the section

(EI)y about minor axis is given as:

(EI)ey =2.0X105X20.1X106 + 0.8 X25000 X1217.3 X106 + 2.0 X105X12.6 X 106

= 28.5* 1012 N mm2
3) Non dimensonal slenderness

λ-= (Ppu/P cr) ½

Value of Ppu ( putting γa = γc = γs = 1.0 in Pp) = 4440KN

λ-y = .377

4).Resistance of composite column to compression

Φ=0.5(1+α(λ- -.2)+ λ- 2)
= .61(for α =.49 for buckling about minor axis)
=0.61
(Pb)y= χy X Pp
= 0.918 X 3366
=3090 kN (>applied factored load)
RESULTS
Comparison between Composite encased column and RCC column

Comparison between Composite encased column and steel column

CONCLUSION
In this work design of composite concrete column has been shown. It cross
section and steel section obtained for given load has been compared with both
RCC column and steel column for same load.
It has been found that composite steel concrete column is more efficient than
both RCC column and steel column.This has been proved from following
points:
1. Cross section obtained for composite concrete column is smaller than RCC
column for same value of load.Reason behind this might be that we are
providing steel section ISHB 250,which reduces the demand for larger
column section.
2. Steel section obtained for composite concrete column is smaller than steel
column for same load. Because concrete also provides compressive
strength to composite column which is not the case in steel column.
The concrete and steel are combined in such a fashion that the advantages of
both the materials are utilised effectively in composite column. When there is
restriction imposed by architects on size of column, then composite column is
the best suited. Option of composite is best among all three options (RCC,
Steel, and Composite) for high rise buildings.
REFERENCE
1. Mahesh N. Patil ,International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
Engineering and Technology,Vol. 6, Issue 1, January 2017.
2. Sharad .S. Adlinge , A.k.Gupta . study of ultimate load capacity encased steel
columns using finite element method , International Journal of advance research ,
IJOAR .org.
3. Composite structure of steel & concrete by R.P JOHNSON , second edition ,
volumn-1, Blackwell scientific publication.
4. Eurocode-4 : Design of composite steel and concrete structures
5. D. R. Panchal, P. M. Marathe, “ Comparative Study of R.C.C., Steel and Composite
(G+30 Storey) Building, International Conference 2 On Current Trends In
Technology, ‘Nuicone – 2011’, Institute Of Technology, Nirma University,
Ahmedabad.
6. V. S. Sohoni, M. R. Shiyekar, “Concrete–Steel Composite Beams of a Framed
Structure for Enhancement in Earthquake Resistance”, International Journal of Civil
Engineering And Technology (IJCIET), Volume 3, Issue 1, pp. 99-110, January- June
(2012).
7. D. R. Panchal, P. M. Marathe, “ Comparative Study of R.C.C., Steel and Composite
(G+30 Storey) Building, International Conference 2 On Current Trends In
Technology, ‘Nuicone – 2011’, Institute Of Technology, Nirma University,
Ahmedabad
THANK YOU