Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
Foundations of
Information Systems in Business
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2008, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning Objectives
1-3
Learning Objectives
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Learning Objectives
1-5
Foundation Concepts
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Case 1: Heidelberg, Honeywell, Eaton
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Case Study Questions
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What is a System?
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What is an Information System?
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Information Technologies
• Information Systems
• All the components and resources necessary to
deliver information and functions to the
organization
• Could be paper based
• Information Technologies
• Hardware, software, networking, data
management
• Our focus will be on computer-based
information systems (CBIS)
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What Should Business Professionals Know?
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Fundamental Roles of IS in Business
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Trends in Information Systems
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What is E-Business?
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How E-Business is Being Used
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E-Business Use
• Reengineering
• Internal business processes
• Enterprise collaboration systems
• Support communications, coordination and
coordination among teams and work groups
• Electronic commerce
• Buying, selling, marketing, and servicing of
products and services over networks
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Types of Information Systems
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Purposes of Information Systems
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Operations Support Systems
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Types of Operations Support Systems
• Batch Processing
• Accumulate transactions over time and process
periodically
• Example: a bank processes all checks received in
a batch at night
• Online Processing
• Process transactions immediately
• Example: a bank processes an ATM withdrawal
immediately
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Management Support Systems
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Types of Management Support Systems
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Other Information Systems
• Expert Systems
• Provide expert advice
• Example: credit application advisor
• Knowledge Management Systems
• Support creation, organization, and dissemination
of business knowledge throughout company
• Example: intranet access to best business
practices
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Other Information Systems
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IT Challenges and Opportunities
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Measuring IT Success
• Efficiency
• Minimize cost, time, and use of information
resources
• Effectiveness
• Support business strategies
• Enable business processes
• Enhance organizational structure and culture
• Increase customer and business value
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Developing IS Solutions
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Challenges and Ethics of IT
• Application of IT
• Customer relationship management
• Human resources management
• Business intelligence systems
• Potential Harm
• Infringements on privacy
• Inaccurate information
• Collusion
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Challenges and Ethics of IT
• Potential Risks
• Consumer boycotts
• Work stoppages
• Government intervention
• Possible Responses
• Codes of ethics
• Incentives
• Certification
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Ethical Responsibilities
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IT Careers
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IT Careers
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IT Careers
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The IS Function
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Case Study Questions
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Case Study Questions
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What is a System?
• A system is…
• A set of interrelated components
• With a clearly defined boundary
• Working together
• To achieve a common set of objectives
• By accepting inputs and producing outputs
• In an organized transformation process
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Basic Functions of a System
• Input
• Capturing and assembling elements that enter the
system to be processed
• Processing
• Transformation process that converts input into
output
• Output
• Transferring transformed elements to their
ultimate destination
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Cybernetic System
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A Cybernetic System
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A Business as a System
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Other System Characteristics
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Components of an IS
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Information System Resources
• People Resources
• Specialists
• End users
• Hardware Resources
• Machines
• Media
• Software Resources
• Programs
• Procedures
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Information System Resources
• Data Resources
• Product descriptions, customer records, employee
files, inventory databases
• Network Resources
• Communications media, communications
processors, network access and control software
• Information Resources
• Management reports and business documents
using text and graphics displays, audio responses,
and paper forms
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Data Versus Information
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IS Activities
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Recognizing Information Systems
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Case 3: Aviall, Inc.
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Case Study Questions
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Case 4: Continental Airlines
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Case Questions
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