Anatomy

of
Female Reproductive
System

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 The Bony Pelvis

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 The Bony Pelvis

A- The structure of the bony pelvis

 The pelvis consists of four bones:

Two innominate bones or hip-bones -1

The sacrum -2
The coccyx -3
.These four bones are united by four joints
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 The two innominate bones )1

:Each innominate bone consists of three parts

.a) The ilium : is the upper bone

.b) The ischium: which is under the ilium

c) The pubis: which is the front portion of the

.pelvis

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 :The sacrum )2
Is a triangular bone that usually consists of five
fused vertebrae and articulates with the lower
.surface of the fifth lumbar vertebra

 The sacral promontory is an area of the sacrum

on the upper anterior surface that protrude into
the pelvic cavity.

 The sacrum meets posteriorly with the coccyx.

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 :The coccyx )3
 Is small, commonly known as a tailbone.

 Consists of four vertebrae fused together.

The first of which is the largest.

 The coccyx is usually movable at its

attachment to the sacrum.

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 II- Joints of the pelvis

 The joint is defined as a place where two bones are

joined, usually so they can move.
 Types:
Four joints link the sacrum, coccyx, and innominate
bones. These are:-
a) Symphysis pubis joint,
b) sacro-coccygeal joint,
c) the two sacroiliac joints.

 The names of the joints come from the structures they

connect.
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 III- Ligaments of the pelvis

 The ligament is a band of rough tissue

connecting bones, holding them in position.

 Types:
 1) The sacro-iliac ligaments.
 2) The pubic ligaments
 3) The sacro-spinous ligament
 4) The sacro-tuberous ligament
 5) The sacro-coccygeal ligament

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 Division of the Pelvis

The female pelvis is divided into two areas:

the true and the false pelvis.

A) The false pelvis

 Is the upper portion of pelvis between the ilia.

 It is called false because from an obstetric point

of view, it has a little clinical significance related to
the passage of the fetus during labor and birth.

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 :B) The true pelvis

 Is the area bordered by the sacrum in the back,

the innominate bones on the side, and the pubis
in the front,

 It forms the bony passage through which the

fetus must pass during labor and birth.

 Important note: This false pelvis is separated

from the true pelvis by the inlet.

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The true pelvis consists of three planes

1) The inlet also called brim,

2)The midpelvis also called cavity,

3) The outlet.

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 The inlet is the upper part of the enclosure, it is bounded
posteriorly by the promontory of the sacrum laterally by the
ilio-pectineal lines and eminences, in front by the
symphysis pubis.

 The midpelvis is the curved canal between the brim and

the outlet. It is bounded posteriorly by the sacrum
anteriorly by the pubic bones and symphysis pubis, and
laterally by the side walls of the pelvis and ischial spines.

 The outlet is bounded anteriorly by the inferior aspect of

the symphysis pubis and the pubic arch, laterally by the
ischial tuberosities, and posteriorly by the coccyx.
In the female pelvis the greatest diameter of the outlet is
the antroposterior (from front to back).

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 Types of pelvis
 There are four types of pelvis:
A. Gynecoid: this is the normal female pelvis,
the brim is round in shape.
B. Android: resemble the male pelvis.the brim
is triangular in shape
C. Anthropoid: is seen in males, the brim is
oval in shape .
D. Platypelloid: kidney shaped brim.This
pelvis corresponds to the simple flat
pelvis, .
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 Female Reproductive System

F e m a l e R e p ro d u c ti v e s y s te m

A - T h e e x te rn a l g e n i t a l o rg a n s B - T h e i n te rn a l g e n i t a l o rg a n s

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 A- The External Genital organs

The vulva:
 Libia majora
Libia minora
 The clitoris
 Bartholin’s gland
 The hymen
 External urethral
metatus

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 A- The External Genital organs
- The area starting below the navel and consisting
of the external genitalia is called The vulva. The
skin of the area is covered with pubic hair which
begins to grow around 12 years of age .

 The vulva includes the following organs:

A- The labia majora – literally meaning "large lips".

The labia majora are two folds of skin that cover the
other external genitalia. They are covered with pubic
hair.
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B- The labia minora – meaning "small lips".
 Lie within the labia majora and flank the opening of the vagina and the

urethra.
 They have some erectile tissue which makes them sensitive to touch.

 At the upper end, they unite to form prepuce to cover the clitoris.

C- The clitoris –
 This is the female counterpart of the male penis.

 It is the most sensitive genital structure in the female and is

covered by the prepuce.
 It has a rich supply of blood vessels and nerve endings.

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 D- Bartholin's gland
- This gland is located inside the vaginal opening, behind
the labia minora.
- Each gland has a duct 2cm. produces a thin mucus that
provides lubrication to the vaginal opening during sexual
stimulation.
E- The hymen
- Is a membrane composed of connective tissue that
forms a tight ring around the vaginal opening.
- The hymen is an elastic structure that is partly closing
the entrance of the vagina, in some cases, completely
covers the vaginal opening (imperforated hymen). It gets
torn during the first sexual intercourse.
F- External urethral meatus: can be seen on separating
the libia as a triangular site in the anterior part below the
clitoris.
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 B- Internal Genital Organs

1. The vagina
2. The uterus
3. The fallopian tubes
4. The ovaries

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 B- Internal Genital Organs

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 B- Internal Genital Organs
1- The vagina
 The vagina is a fibro-muscular canal that connects the
external organs with the uterus.
 Its average length is about 10 cm. It extends upwards &
backward at a right angle of 60 to the horizontal line.
 The upper end of the vagina, adjoining the uterus, is the
cervix.
 The vagina does not have any glands and it is kept moist by
the lubrication provided by the cervical and uterine glands.

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The important relations of the vagina:
 Anterior vaginal wall: is 8cms and it is related to the
bladder.

 Posterior vaginal wall: is 10cms and it is related to the

perineal body, rectum & peritoneum of pouch of Douglas.

 Laterally: The broad ligaments, ureters, uterine vessels,

the surface of the levator ani muscles, Bartholin’s glands
and perineal muscles.

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 The Uterus -2
 The uterus is a hollow
pear shaped muscular
organ, weighing about 70
gm and is approximately
7.5 cm long in an adult
female.
 The cavity of the uterus is
triangular in shape and
communicates with the
cervical canal via the
internal os.

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 Important Note: Normal position of the**
”.uterus is “Antevertion Anteflexion
 The uterus is made up of

A- Body = Corpus:
 It forms the main bulk of the
organ. The area of insertion
of the fallopian tube into the
body is called the cornu.
The part of the body above
the insertion of the tubes is
called the fundus.
 The function of the body is to
a- contain the endometrium
suitable for implantation,
b- contain the growing fetus
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B- Isthmus = Isthmus uteri:
 It is a narrow portion of the uterus. It measures
0.5-1 cm.
 Expands during pregnancy and forms the lower
uterine segment (10cm).
C- Cervix of the uterus =Neck of the uterus:
 Is the elongated lower most part of the uterus,
and measure 1 inch.
 It has a spindle-shaped canal which
communicates above with (cavity) at the internal
os and below with the vagina at the external os.

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The uterus is composed of three layers:
1- The endometrium:
 is the innermost layer that
lines the cavity of the
uterus.
2- The myometrium:
 is the middle and thickest
layer of the uterus and is
composed of smooth
(involuntary) muscle.
3- The perimetrium (serosa)
 is a thin fibrous layer,
which covers the uterus
completely
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 The Fallopian Tubes -3
 Is a hollow organ 10cm. Long,
extending from the cornu of the uterus
to open into the peritoneal cavity.

 Each tube is divided into four parts:

A- The Interstitial portion (1cm):

which pierces the uterine wall and enters
the uterine cavity.
B- The Isthmus (2cm):
which is narrow (1mm wide), straight &
thick-wall portion.
C- The Ampulla (5cms):
which is 2.5mm wide, site of fertilization.
D- The infundibulum (2cms):
which is wide 2mm, it opens in the
peritoneal cavity the tubal ostium.
- The ostium is surrounded by the fimbriae,
which pick up the ovum at the time of
ovulation.
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 4- The ovaries
 The ovaries are two
almond-shaped
bodies measuring
3x2x1.5 cm.

 The function of the

ovary:
A- Ovulation.
B- Production of
hormones.

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 Thank
You

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