造纸术

zao zhi shu

By 制福厚
THE WORLD BEFORE
Bones
Tortoise shells
Bamboo slips
Silk
ORIGIN
The earliest form of paper first
appeared in the Western Han
Dynasty (206BC-23AD)
About AD 105, Cai Lun, an official
attached to the Imperial court of
Emperor Ho-di during the Han
Dynasty (202 BC-AD 220) improved
and standardized paper
production using a range of
inexpensive materials, including
hemp ends.
EVOLUTION
MATERIALS
Bark
Hemps
Rag
Fishnet
Mulberry
Bamboo
PAPERMAKING PROCESS
First, husk the bamboo by
removing the outer layers to
reveal plant's soft, fleshy
part. Discard the outer
layers, then soak the inner
section of bamboo in a pool
of lime for several days, until
the bamboo softens.
PAPERMAING PROCESS
Boil the soft bamboo in a kiln
for 35 days. On the 35th day,
rinse the bamboo in water.
Return it to the heat and boil
it for another 10 days. After
the last boiling period,
ground the bamboo into
small pieces and place it in a
pool of clean water. Soak it
until all of the lime has left
the pulp.
PAPERMAING PROCESS
The mucilage of the birch
leaves are added, then
straining begins.
Strain the entire mixture
through a screen, removing
the water; the remnants
become the raw paper pulp
that will dry to become a thin,
soft paper.
PAPERMAKING PROCESS
PAPERMAKING PROCESS
Set the pulp aside to dry until
it resembles damp paper.
Squeeze the excess water from
the paper, then set it aside
again to finish the drying
process. Any remaining water
was then manually pushed
out. The large sheets of paper
are then hung up to dry.
PAPERMAKING PROCESS VIDEO
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXNFq1bUoT8&fe
ature=related
APPLICATION
While paper used for wrapping and padding was used
in China since the 2nd century BC, paper used as a
writing medium became widespread by the 3rd century,
and by the 6th century sheets of paper in China were
beginning to be used for toilet paper as well.
During the Tang Dynasty (618 – 907 AD) paper was
folded and sewn into square bags to preserve the flavor
of tea, while the later Song Dynasty (960- 1279 AD)
was the first government on earth to issue paper-
printed money.
BOOKS ON PAPERMAKING
"The Complete Book of Handcrafted Paper" by Marna
Burns.
"Four Inventions in Ancient China: Papermaking,
Movable Printing, Magic Compass, Taoist Priest and
Gunpowder" by Zhu Kang.
SPREADING THE WORLD
The paper was soon widely used in China and spread
to the rest of world through the Silk Road.The art of
Chinese papermaking was a carefully guarded secret
within China. Upon the defeat of the T'ang army by
the Ottoman Turks, papermaking spread to the city of
Baghdad in 793 AD, according to the Silk Road
Foundation.
 Egyptians learned papermaking from the Arabic
people soon after, then spread the knowledge around
northern Africa.
SPREADING THE WORLD
Around 1150 AD, papermaking arrived in Spain,
marking the first time Europeans learned
papermaking.
The printing press was developed in 1453 AD by
Johann Gutenberg. Papermaking finally arrived in
North America in 1690, with a production company
built in Philadelphia.
MODERN PAPERMAKING
Today, much of China's papermaking is performed
in modern papermaking factories.
However, some areas preserve the ancient means
of papermaking.
THE END