Network basics

Subnet
Subnet in networking
• A subnet is a logical partition of an
IP network into multiple,
smaller network segments. It is typically used to
subdivide large networks into smaller, more
efficient subnetworks.
• Each subnet allows its connected devices to
communicate with each other, and routers are
used to communicate between subnets.
Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) is a logical data center or virtual
data center in Cloud. Its provide an isolated section to host your
machine.VPC is a collection of the region, Internet Gateway(IG),
Route table, ACL, Security group, Subnet, Instances.

VPC provides us a completely separate environment where we can

place our machine in our own way. We have only one internet
gateway per VPC.
• As you can see VPC is a collection of the internet gateway, Router,
Network ACL, EC2, Subnet, route table, etc. Let's have a quick
look at the individual.
• Internet gateway is a horizontally scaled, redundant, and
highly available VPC component that allows
communication between instances in your VPC and the
internet.
• Route tables contain a set of rules, called routes, that are
used to determine where network traffic is directed. Each
subnet in your VPC must be associated with a route table;
the table controls the routing for the subnet. A subnet can
only be associated with one route table at a time, but you
can associate multiple subnets with the same route table.
• Subnetwork or subnet is a logical subdivision
of an IP network. The practice of dividing a
network into two or more networks is called
subnetting.
• AWS provides two types of subnetting one is
Public which allow the internet to access the
machine and another is private which is
hidden from the internet.
• Each subnet allows its connected devices to communicate with each other, while
routers are used to communicate between subnets. The size of a subnet depends
on the connectivity requirements and the network technology employed.
• A point-to-point subnet allows two devices to connect, while a data center subnet
might be designed to connect many more devices.
• The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method for
sending data from one computer to another
over the internet. Each computer, or host, on
the internet has at least one IP address as a
unique identifier.
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) – a connection-oriented
communications protocol that facilitates the exchange of messages
between computing devices in a network.
• It is the most common protocol in networks that use the 
Internet Protocol (IP); together they are sometimes referred to as TCP/IP.
• TCP takes messages from an application/server and divides them into 
packets, which can then be forwarded by the devices in the network – 
switches, routers, security gateways – to the destination.
• TCP numbers each packet and reassembles them prior to handing them
off to the application/server recipient. Because it is connection-oriented,
it ensures a connection is established and maintained until the exchange
between the application/servers sending and receiving the message is
complete.