DEFORESTATION

Presented by: Khadija Ashraf

Definition:
 Deforestation is when forest are destroyed by
cutting of trees and not replanted. Sometimes
deforestation happens when people change the land
into farms, ranches, cities and industries. A lot of
deforestation is caused by the removal of all the
trees from a forest for wood fuel.
 Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forest
in order to make the land available for other use.
According to UN conference 1992 deforestation is:

 Land degradation in arid, semi-arid and humid

areas resulting from various factors including
climatic variation and human activities.
Causes of deforestation:

Natural causes Human made causes

Forest fires Livestock grazing

Grain fields
Droughts
Mining
Floods Petroleum extractions
Fuel wood cutting
Climate changes
Commercial logging
Disease Urban sprawl/ over population
Effects of deforestation:
Soil erosion

Expansion of deserts

Decrease in rainfall

Loss of fertile land

Effects on climate

Lowering of water table

Economic losses

Loss of flora and fauna

Loss of biodiversity

Loss of medicinal plants

Environmental change

Increase in water level

Increase in sea level:
Economy effects:
 Rainforest is cleared out in order to raise cattle to
produce beef.
 Trees are being cut down to sell as timber.
 New roads are built in place of the rainforest.
 The rainforest is losing its ability to stay green due
to fires.
 Many different species of animals are losing their
habitats can lead to extinction.
 Plants are being killed.
Social effects:
 The flooding of dams destroyed the rainforest.
 Wildfires destroy the rainforest.
 Migrants clear the land in order to claim land for
themselves.
Environmental effects

Short ●
Increased soil erosion
Disruption
term
●

Long ●
Reduced biodiversity
Climate change
term
●
Conventions on deforestation:
 The six global biodiversity-related conventions:

 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora (CITES)
 Convention on Migratory Species (CMS)
 International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and
Agriculture (ITPGRFA)
 Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
 World Heritage Convention (WHC)

 World Summit on Sustainable Development (1992),

 Johannesburg Plan of Action (2002),
United Nations strategic plan for forests, 2017-2030

 Introduction:
1. Forests are among the world’s most productive land-based ecosystems and are essential
to life on earth. The United Nations Strategic Plan for Forests 2017-2030 (UNSPF)
provides a global framework for actions at all levels to sustainably manage all types of
forests and trees outside forests and halt deforestation and forest degradation. The
UNSPF also provides a framework for forest-related contributions to the
implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Paris Agreement
adopted under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Convention on
Biological Diversity, the UN Convention to Combat Desertification, the United Nations
Forest Instrument (UNFI)i, and other international forest-related instruments, processes,
commitments and goals.
2. The UNSPF serves as a reference for the forest-related work of the UN systemic and for
fostering enhanced coherence, collaboration and synergies among UN bodies and
partners towards the following vision and mission, as well as a framework to enhance
the coherence of and guide and focus the work of the International Arrangement on
Forests (IAF) and its components.
Vision and mission:

 Vision:
A world where all types of forests and trees outside forests are
sustainably managed, contribute to sustainable development and
provide economic, social, environmental and cultural benefits for
present and future generations.
 Mission:
To promote sustainable forest management and the contribution
of forests and trees outside forests to the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development, including by strengthening cooperation,
coordination, coherence, synergies and political commitment and
actions at all levels.
Goals:
 Global Forest Goal 1
Reverse the loss of forest cover worldwide through SFM, including
protection, restoration, afforestation and reforestation, and increase efforts
to prevent forest degradation and contribute to the global effort of
addressing climate change.
 Global Forest Goal 2
Enhance forest-based economic, social and environmental benefits,
including by improving the livelihoods of forest dependent people.
 Global Forest Goal 3
Increase significantly the area of protected forests worldwide and other
areas of sustainably managed forests, as well as the proportion of forest
products from sustainably managed forests.
Goals:
 Global Forest Goal 4
Mobilize significantly increased, new and additional financial resources
from all sources for the implementation of SFM and strengthen scientific
and technical cooperation and partnerships.
 Global Forest Goal 5
Promote governance frameworks to implement SFM, including through
the UN Forest Instrument, and enhance the contribution of forests to the
2030 Agenda.
 Global Forest Goal 6
Enhance cooperation, coordination, coherence and synergies on forest-
related issues at all levels, including within the UN System and across CPF
member organizations, as well as across sectors and relevant stakeholders.
Solutions:
 Joined-up thinking:

Four kinds of indicators are needed to make a joined-up

set:
• Responses – policies or actions to prevent or reduce
biodiversity loss.
• Pressures – the threats to biodiversity that responses aim to
address.
• State – the condition of biodiversity and how it is changing.
• Benefits – amount and change in benefits and services that
humans derive from biodiversity.
Solutions:
 There can be special forest plantations for all the
wood that is needed for the industry. This way the
wood can be cut in a controlled way and regulated
the environment.
 In order to achieve zero deforestation we need
ambitious and science-based domestic and
international forest policies from our government.
Government and advocacy groups shall support the
formulation of forest policies.
Solutions:
 The forestry management should re-enforced the
forest laws like imposing fines on excessive
mining, logging and farming and also restricting
the use of bulldozers and heavy machines.
 Reforest is the action of renewing forest cover(as
by natural seeding or by the artificial planting of
seeds or young trees). Reforest programs shall be
launched.
Individu
als

Govern
ments

Corporations