Campylobacteriosi

s
- TVM / 18 -30
 Introduction
• Emerging
foodborne pathogens are
significant causes of morbidity
and mortality both in
developed as well as
developing nations.
•  Campylobacter jejuni is an
important infectious emerging
foodborne bacterial zoonotic
agent that causes
gastrointestinal illness in
humans.
• Most prevalent in developing
countries and UK, European
countries
• Lesser known..but equally
destructive as E.coli /
Salmonella
• Not a notifiable disease- thus
data is in adequate
Morphology and Growth
• Genus Campylobacter – 17 species 6 sub species
• Gram -ve
• Non spore forming
• Micro aerophilic ( C.jejuni)
• Motile
• Spiral / slightly curved
• Comma shaped
• Temp : 35 – 45OC
• Sensitive to heat, drying, freezing, salt, irradiation
Distribution
• US, NewZeland, European countries and developing countries, but
remains under reported in many countries.
• 5-20 % incidence rate in developing countries
• Age – Children ( 1-5 years )
• A paediatric disease
• Source – Contaminated food / Raw /unpasteurised milk
- Especially poultry meat and other meat ( High body temp )
• Species – Poultry > Pigs > Sheep > Cattle
• Season : Summer
• Cooking : Outdoor cooking and Under cooking
• May be a sequale of flooding
• Infectious dose : 500 – 800 organisms
Campylobacter is a natural commensal in the gut

Spreads by oro-faecal route of contamination

Shed in faeces of animals – Poultry

When this faeces contacts water Or when contacts the meat

And the host ingests such contaminated water / meat

Campylobacter infection
Complications
• Bloody diarrhoea
• Abdominal Pain
• Fever
• Nausea
• Dehydration
Post infection complications
• Post infectious neuropathy
– Gullian Barre Syndrome
• Post infectious arthritis
– Reactive arthritis
Diarrhoea
Reactive Arthritis Gullian Barre Syndrome
• Gullian Barre Syndrome :
- Ascending Paralysis
- Calf – Thigh- Trunk – Arms
- Demyelination
- 30 % cases
• Reactive arthritis :
- In patients with HLA- B27 gene
 Diarrhoea

Slimy Bloody
Inflammatory stools with
WBC
Diarrhoea
Non Watery stools
inflammatory without WBC
 Virulence factors
• Motility - Penetration
• Adhesion - Colonisation
• Invasion – only 1 % invades and effective
intracellular killing
• Toxin Production – Thus important in pathogenesis
 Toxins

Enterotoxin Cytotoxins
s
form pores in
Enters the cell the cells

Cytotonic 70 kda cytotoxins

toxin -
Increase the inhibits cellular
CYTON Vero/ HeLa cell protein synthesis
cyclic AMP levels cytotoxin

CDT – Cytolethal
Excess secretion distending toxin inflammation
of fluid
Shiga like toxin

Hemolytic toxin Inflammatory

Watery
Diarrhoea diarrhoea
Hepatotoxin
 Campylobacter - CDT
• Encoded by cdt ABC operon
• cdtA & cdt C
– Involved with binding and
internalisation into the host cell
• Cdt B
– encodes enzymatically active subunit / toxin
Other proteins :
Adhesins :
- Cad F
- PEB 1 Adhesion proteins

- Cap A
Invasion
• Campylobacter invasion antigens
- Cia B - Adhere to target cells
- Cia C - Invasion of host cells
- Cia I - Intracellular survival

- Cia D – Maximise invasion

Diagnosis
• Symptoms
• Stool examination – DFM
- for WBC
- ovarian parasites
• PCR
• Isolation – Skirrow medium
Conclusion
• 72 % of people never heard of Campylobacter
• UK – FSA – issued a bulletin – not to wash raw
chicken
• Meat looks normal & smells normal
• AMR gene reservoir that can be exchanged
between other pathogenic & commensal bacteria
• Good hygiene is needed
• Adequate reporting
• Care with the pets
• Can spread very easily