TOYOTA INFORME DE

ESCRITURA

A3 / A4 Presentations
¿Qué son los informes A3 y A4?

• Documentos de resumen estándar de

Toyota de 1 página Herramientas
para apoyar el ciclo PDCA (Plan, Do,
Check, Act) y el proceso Kaizen
What do they do ?
• Proporcionar una visión general
resumida o un análisis de un tema
Disminuye el tiempo de toma de
decisiones mediante el análisis fáctico
en una página Proporcionar datos
históricos de los proyectos o propuestas
completados
 A3 Layout Elements
1. Título/Lugar del tema en la esquina
superior izquierda Indica el asunto y el
propósito del informe
Theme (1) (2) To: _______
2. Distribution •_______ Bold or
• Place at upper right corner
•_______ (5) Underline
(6)
•_______

• Address your audience

3. Author and Date (7)
• Place at upper or lower right corner
4. Boxes
• Separate paper into logical segments (4)
5. Numbering (bullets)
• Use instead of sentences/paragraphs (3) Author: _______ Date:____
• Easier to reference
6. Bold or Underline Text
• Use for emphasis
• This text should tell the story to the reader
7. Charts, Graphs, or Photographs
• Provide additional information
• Show results or process changes
A3 Guidelines Sales by Region

90
80
1. Text 70
60
• Be clear and brief Sales 50
• State facts (Millio ns) 40 East
30
• Use active voice 20 West
10
• Check spelling and word usage 0
No rth
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
2. Charts and Graphs Qtr Qtr Qtr Qtr
• Choose clear and concise titles
2000
• Determine how much data should be shown
• Determine sequential order of data
• Use titles for axes
• If symbols are used, provide a legend
• Indicate data source and date the graph
• Indicate the baseline (goal, objective) if possible
• Show exact number of data points, if not too busy
3. Photographs and Clip Art
• Use only to enhance point (less is more)
• Choose relevant pictures
Types of A3 Reports
1. Status Report
• Shows progress towards a goal
• Allows evaluation of the plan and its result
• Shows how the results are measured
2. Problem Solving Story
• Shows effectiveness of the countermeasure
• Shows efficiency (best solution)
• Shows results of countermeasures
• Shows plans for future action
Types of A3 Reports Continued
3. Proposal Story
• Explains that the situation has changed,
conditions need to be addressed
• Shows a need for a new goal or standard
• Shows a plan to support a new direction
or goal
4. Informational Story
• Conveys general information
• Has no evaluation component
 How to pick the correct A3
YES Does a goal exist? NO

Is a goal being met? NO YES Is a goal needed?

Has the situation

changed since the
YES
goal was set?

NO
YES NO
Does a plan
exist to meet the
goal?

YES

Problem NO
Status Proposal Informational
Solving
Report Report Report
Report
Status Report
Objetivo principal:
Mostrar éxitos o fracasos experimentados
en el intento de alcanzar la meta.
Cómo alcanzar el objetivo:
Definir el plan y mostrar los resultados
actuales del plan. Demostrar cómo se
midieron los resultados.
Status Report
Tema (punto principal de la historia) To:__________

Background
• Información necesaria para que el
lector entienda la situación completa
Motivo para elegir el tema
Análisis de ahorro de costos de efectos
totales Utilice gráficos para explicar la
eficacia de la implementación y cómo
se monitorizó

Objetivos
Puntos vitales de estrategia o política
El "qué" del objetivo; (aumentar, Problemas no resueltos/Acciones
reducir, eliminar) Mediciones futuras Lista elementos que deben
cuantificables incluirse en un futuro ciclo PDCA Lista
ideas para modificaciones para futuras
mejoras
Implementación ¿Qué medidas se han
adoptado? ¿Cómo se han tomado
(explicación de la actividad)? ¿Qué se ha
logrado (logros)? ¿Cómo funciona
(evaluación)?
Author:__________
Date:____________
Problem Solving Reports
1. Report seeking approval for a
countermeasure
• Must demonstrate the countermeasure will be
effective and that it is the most efficient option
• Effectiveness is shown by demonstrating the
countermeasure addresses the root cause and
prevents recurrence
• Must prove that methods you are
recommending offer the best balance between
cost and benefit
Problem Solving Reports
Continued
2. Reporting on an implemented
countermeasure
• Focus is on demonstrating the effectiveness of
the follow-up and future actions
• Show what actually happened when the
countermeasure was implemented, as well as,
how, when, and what was checked to evaluate
the effectiveness of the countermeasure
• Indicate steps taken to standardize parts of the
countermeasure that were effective and what
new countermeasures are recommended to
address unresolved problems
Problem Solving Report
Theme (main point of the story)
Current Situation
• Information necessary for reader to
understand the complete situation
• Identify what should be happening
vs. what is happening now
• Justify why problem is being
addressed now
Cause Analysis
• Identify and restate root cause analysis
• Show fishbone or simplified version
• Show pareto analysis
• Do 5 Whys of most significant cause
Target/Goal
• Do what? Increase, reduce, eliminate…
• How much? Quantifiable measures that
must agree with the standard
• By when? A specific date
Author:__________Date:__________
Countermeasures
• Consider and identify short/long term
countermeasures
• Explain why they were selected
• Countermeasures should address root
cause elimination/reduction
Implementation
• What steps will be taken?
• Where & When will they be implemented?
• Who is responsible for implementation?
Follow-Up(Actions)
• Explain how you evaluated the success or
failure of the plan
• How you standardized the process
Future Actions
• List ideas for improvements to this plan
• List ideas for future projects that were
discovered during this project
Proposal Report
There are 3 basic proposal situations
1. Proposal for a plan to support a new company
direction, policy, or goal. This proposal must
demonstrate that the recommended methods are the
most effective and efficient.
2. A goal or plan has been agreed to, but the situation
has changed and a new goal and/or plan is needed to
achieve the original purpose.
3. There is a company or departmental value that is not
currently being addressed. This report establishes
the need to set a goal or a standard. The report
should seek agreement on the need for a goal and
what the goal should be.
Proposal Report
Theme (main point of the story)
Background
• Information necessary for reader to
understand the complete situation
• Reason for choosing theme
Current Situation
• Explain what is happening now
• Show a complete grasp of the situation
To:__________
Proposal
• What do you want to change, add,
delete?
• Is it effective? Does it address the root
cause?
• Is it efficient? Does it provide the best
balance between cost & benefits?
Plan
• What steps will be taken?
• Where & When will they be implemented?
• Who is responsible for implementation?
Follow-Up
• How are you going to measure the
success of the plan?
• What facts are you going to use to
measure the plan?
Author:__________ Date:_________
Informational Report
Used to convey general information to any
audience, inside or outside of the company
• Summarizes the current situation only
• Requires no problem consciousness
• Does not include an evaluation component
• Allows freedom to choose different types of
formulation
• Must be verified
• Visualization is a very important part of the
story
 A4 Layout Elements
1. Title
• Place in top center
• Indicates subject and purpose of report Title (1)
2. Before/After Before (2) After
• Use to divide the report into two phases:


• Before: Situation prior to changes
(3) (3)
• After: Situation since changes
3. Shikumi, Photograph, Chart, Graph
Purpose: Countermeasures:
• Provide visible information to show • •
where and how the changes made an • •
impact Problems: (4) Results:
• •
4. Bold or Underline Text • •
(5)
• Use for emphasis
• This text should tell the story to the
reader
5. Numbering (Bullets)
• Use instead of sentences/paragraphs
• Easier to reference
A4 Report
Author:__________
TITLE Date:_________
Before After

Shikumi, Chart, Shikumi, Chart,

Graph, Photo Graph, Photo

Purpose Countermeasures
• Main point of the project • Explain why countermeasures were
• Justify why problem is being addressed selected
• Explain what countermeasures were
introduced
Problem Results
• Information necessary for reader to • Explain how you evaluated the success of
understand the complete situation the project
• Explain what is happening now • Show what was accomplished with the
project
QUESTIONS?

Thank You