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Mutual: Funds
Mutual: Funds
Definition:-
According to SEBI (mutual funds) Regulations Act 1993 defines mutual fund as, “
a fund established in the form of a trust by a sponsor to raise monies by the
trustees through the sale of units to the public under one or more schemes for
investing in securities.”
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CONCEPT
A Mutual Fund is a trust that pools the savings of a number of investors
who share a common financial goal.
The money thus collected is then invested in capital market instruments
such as shares, debentures and other securities.
Mutual funds have a fund manager who invests the money on behalf of
the investors by buying / selling stocks, bonds etc.
The income earned through these investments and the capital appreciation
realized are shared by its unit holders in proportion to the number of units
owned by them.
Thus a Mutual Fund is the most suitable investment for the common man
as it offers an opportunity to invest in a diversified, professionally
managed basket of securities at a relatively low cost.
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ORIGIN AND
DEVELOPMENT OF MF’s
▪ Origin in 19th Century
▪ Currently, the worldwide value of all mutual funds totals more than $US 26
trillion.
▪ The United States leads with the number of mutual fund schemes. There are more
than 8000 mutual fund schemes in the U.S.A.
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INDIAN MUTUAL FUND
INDUSTRY
The mutual fund industry in India started in 1963 with the formation of Unit Trust of
India.
The history of mutual funds in India can be broadly divided into four distinct phases :-
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IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF
A MUTUAL FUND
A Mutual Fund actually belongs to the investors who have pooled their Funds. The
ownership of the mutual fund is in the hands of the Investors.
The investor’s share in the fund is denominated by “units”. The value of the units changes
with change in the portfolio value, every day.
The value of one unit of investment is called net asset value (NAV).
The investment portfolio of the mutual fund is created according to the stated investment
objectives of the Fund.
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OBJECTIVES OF A MUTUAL
FUND
To provide an opportunity for lower income groups to acquire without much difficulty,
property in the form of shares.
To cater mainly of the need of individual investors who have limited means.
To manage investors portfolio that provides regular income, growth, safety, liquidity, tax
advantage, professional management and diversification.
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MUTUAL FUNDS
ADVANTAGES
Professional Management
Diversification of portfolio
Convenient Administration
Return Potential
Low Costs
Liquidity for some schemes
Transparency
Flexibility
Choice of schemes
Tax benefits
Well regulated 9
MUTUAL FUNDS
DISADVANTAGES
MFs are subject to market fluctuation
No fixed return
No Guarantees
Management Risk
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ORGANISATION OF MUTUAL
FUND
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Fund Sponsor
The Fund Sponsor
Any person or corporate body that establishes the Fund and registers it with SEBI.
SEBI regulations also define that a sponsor must contribute at least 40% to the net
worth of the asset management company.
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Trustees
Trustees:
Created through a document called the Trust Deed that is executed by the Fund Sponsor
and registered with SEBI.
The Trust i.e. the mutual fund may be managed by a Board of Trustees i.e. a body of
individuals or a Trust Company i.e. a corporate body.
Protector of unit holders interests.
2/3 of the trustees shall be independent persons and shall not be associated with the
sponsors.
Rights and Roles of Trustees:
Approve each of the schemes floated by the AMC.
The right to request any necessary information from the AMC.
May take corrective action if they believe that the conduct of the fund's business is not in
accordance with SEBI Regulations.
Have the right to dismiss the AMC
Ensure that, any shortfall in net worth of the AMC is made up. 13
Custodian
CUSTODIANS OF MUTUAL FUNDS:-
A custodian’s role is safe keeping of physical securities and also keeping a tab on the
corporate actions like rights, bonus and dividends declared by the companies in which the
fund has invested.
The Custodian is appointed by the Board of Trustees.
Mutual funds run by the subsidiaries of the nationalized banks have their respective
sponsor banks as custodians like Canara bank, SBI, PNB, etc.
Foreign banks with higher degree of automation in handling the securities have assumed
the role of custodians for mutual funds.
RESPONSIBILITY OF CUSTODIANS:-
Receipt and delivery of securities
Holding of securities.
Collecting income
Holding and processing cost
Corporate actions etc 14
AMFI
Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI) was incorporated on 22nd August
1995.
AMFI is an apex body of all Asset Management Companies (AMC) which has
been registered with SEBI.
It follows the principle of both protecting and promoting the interests of mutual
funds as well as their unit holders.
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SEBI Regulations
All mutual funds are regulated by the Securities
and Exchanges Board of India (SEBI).
It issued detailed guidelines for their setting up
and operation on 20th January, 1993.
Mutual funds are to be established in the form of a trust under the Indian Trusts Act, 1882
and operated by separate asset management companies (AMC)
They have to set up a Board of Trustees and Trustee Companies and constitute their Board
of Directors.
The minimum net worth of AMC’s is stipulated at Rs. 5 crore(later increased to Rs. 10
crore).
The AMC’s and trustees are to be two separate legal entities and an arm’s length
relationship must be maintained between the two. 16
TYPES OF MUTUAL FUNDS
By Structure
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Mutual Fund – Risk Associated
Market Risks – Market value of security in future
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Mutual Funds – Do’s & Donts
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Mutual Funds Are Subject To Market
Risks , Please Read The Offer
Document Carefully Before
Investing !!!!!