Chapter One

Introduction
Introduction
Welcome! Training Manual

Advanced Structural Nonlinearities 6.0

• Welcome to the Advanced Structural Nonlinearities Training
Course!
• This training course covers the wide range of constitutive
models available in ANSYS, including advanced plasticity,
viscoplasticity/creep, and hyperelasticity. Appropriate
element selection, geometric instability, and element birth-
and-death will be discussed as well.
• It is intended for ANSYS users who are already familiar with
basic procedures for performing nonlinear static analyses
using ANSYS (topics covered in the Basic Structural
Nonlinearities class).

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Introduction
Welcome! Training Manual

Advanced Structural Nonlinearities 6.0

• This is the last in a series of three training courses on ANSYS
nonlinearities:
– Basic Structural Nonlinearities (2 days)
– Advanced Contact and Bolt Pretension (1 day)
– Advanced Structural Nonlinearities (2 days)

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Introduction
Course Objectives Training Manual

Advanced Structural Nonlinearities 6.0

The topics covered in this Advanced Nonlinearities seminar can
be classified into the following areas:
Element
Technology

Metal Rubber Geotechnical

Inelasticity Elasticity Materials

Rate-independent Rate-dependent Rate-independent Rate-dependent Granular

Concrete
Behavior1 Behavior2 Behavior3 Behavior4 Materials

Geometric Element
Instability Birth & Death

Linear Nonlinear
Buckling Buckling

1
Plasticity models covered in this class do not include BISO, MISO, BKIN, KINH/MKIN since these have been addressed in the
Basic Structural Nonlinearities Course
2
Includes creep (implicit and explicit CREEP) and viscoplasticity (RATE & ANAND) models.
3
i.e., Hyperelasticity
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 Introduction
Course Objectives Training Manual

Advanced Structural Nonlinearities 6.0

Much of this seminar will focus on the 18x family of elements, due to their complete
wealth of nonlinear features:
Elasticity Plasticity Viscoplasticity Hyperelasticity Other Features Formulation
Type of Element
ANSYS Element

CREEP (Implicit)

Polynomial Form
Orthotropic (MP)

Enhanced Strain
RATE (PEIRCE,
Interpolation

Mooney-Rivlin

Arruda-Boyce

Element Birth

URI/Standard
Library

User-Defined

Compatibility
Initial Stress
KINH/MKIN

PERZYNA)

Mixed U-P
and Death

LS-DYNA
Isotropic,

NLISO

Ogden
CHAB
ANEL

MISO

B-Bar
BISO

BKIN

HILL
LINK180 Truss Linear • • • • • • • • • • • • •
BEAM188 Beam Linear • • • • • • • • • • • • •
BEAM189 Beam Quadratic • • • • • • • • • • • • •
SHELL181 Shell Bilinear • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
PLANE182 Planar Bilinear • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
PLANE183 Planar Seren. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
SOLID185 Solid Trilinear • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
SOLID186 Solid Seren. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
SOLID187 – Solid Seren. Tet • • multi-material
BEAM188/189 can have • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
cross-section. SHELL181 supports composite definition. • •

– HILL (anisotropic Hill potential) can be used with any plasticity model (including CREEP, RATE).
– CHAB (Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening) can be combined with any isotropic hardening.
– Although some cells above are blank, this is usually because item is not applicable to element.
– All 18x elements support USERMAT user-defined material as well as USERCREEP user-defined implicit
creep law. Elements 181-187 support USERHYPER user-defined hyperelasticity model. User-
programmable features will not be covered in this seminar.
Please refer to ANSYS Guide to User-Programmable Features for details.
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Introduction
Course Objectives Training Manual

Advanced Structural Nonlinearities 6.0

• This class will cover ANSYS usage in these nonlinear topics.
– When applicable, general information on material behavior,
testing, and curve-fitting procedures will be discussed.

• Please keep in mind that this is not a material science

course. It is assumed that the reader will be adequately
familiar with the material behavior to make good engineering
judgements.
– This class will focus on issues pertinent to procedural aspects
of usage of the material laws in ANSYS.
– When possible, references for further reading will be presented.
– Material testing should be done by those familiar with these
types of procedures.

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Introduction
Course Material Training Manual

Advanced Structural Nonlinearities 6.0

• The Training Manual you have is an exact copy of the slides.
• Workshop descriptions and instructions are included in the
Workshop Supplement.
• Copies of the workshop files are available (upon request)
through your instructor.

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Introduction
Topics Covered Training Manual

Advanced Structural Nonlinearities 6.0

2. Element Technology
3. Advanced Rate-Independent Plasticity
4. Creep
5. Rate-Dependent Plasticity
6. Hyperelasticity
7. Viscoelasticity
8. Drucker-Prager/Concrete
9. Geometric Instability: Buckling
10. Element Birth and Death

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Chapter One, Appendix A

Material Input
Introduction
Material Input Training Manual

Advanced Structural Nonlinearities 6.0

• Before beginning discussion on the Advanced Nonlinearities
topics, the material input procedure will be covered.
• Nonlinear constitutive models can be input via commands or
in the Materials GUI.
– Commands take the following form:
• MP command defines linear material properties, if needed.
• TB command selects the nonlinear constitutive model
• TBTEMP defines temperature for temperature-dependency
• TBDATA defines the material parameters
– (For MISO, KINH materials, TBPT is used instead)
• TBTEMP and TBDATA can be repeated for each temperature
– GUI method of input uses the Materials GUI (explained next)

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Introduction
Materials GUI Training Manual

Advanced Structural Nonlinearities 6.0

• All structural material properties, linear and/or nonlinear, are
conveniently defined through the Materials GUI
– Main Menu > Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models...

Currently Defined Available Constitutive

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Introduction
Materials GUI Training Manual

Advanced Structural Nonlinearities 6.0

• Structural Constitutive Models are organized into categories
for easier selection:

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Introduction
Materials GUI Training Manual

Advanced Structural Nonlinearities 6.0

• If required, linear properties can be defined first through the
Materials GUI:
– Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic

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Introduction
Materials GUI Training Manual

Advanced Structural Nonlinearities 6.0

• Note that if you may select a nonlinear constitutive model prior to
defining the linear material data (EX, PRXY, etc.). If this nonlinear
material requires linear material data, the Materials GUI will provide a
warning:

Then, the appropriate dialog box will appear. You will need to enter
these linear material properties prior to providing input of nonlinear
properties.

Through this manner, the Materials GUI ensures proper and

consistent material definition.
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Introduction
Materials GUI Training Manual

Advanced Structural Nonlinearities 6.0

• Other properties such as thermal expansion coefficient and density
can also be defined, as needed.

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Introduction
Materials GUI Training Manual

Advanced Structural Nonlinearities 6.0

• Most materials can be temperature-dependent. The Materials
GUI provides a dynamic spreadsheet where temperature-
dependent constants can easily be added or deleted.
– Data points are dynamically input (if applicable)
– Some materials allow plotting of temperature-dependent data.

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Introduction
Materials GUI Training Manual

Advanced Structural Nonlinearities 6.0

• In the Materials GUI, new materials can be defined easily by
specifying a different Material ID.

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Introduction
Materials GUI Training Manual

Advanced Structural Nonlinearities 6.0

• Materials may also be conveniently copied or deleted in the
Materials GUI.

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