Expansion joint:

• Expansion joint is attached to shell wall. Shell is made two pi

pe pieces Two pipe pieces are joined together by expansion j
oint.
• Expansion joint is used in a fixed tube sheet Heat Exchanger
s. Expansion joint is provided in fixed tube sheet Heat Exchang
ers, if tube & shell expand or contract differently with temper
ature. Differential thermal expansion is indused if there is larg
e temperature difference between the tube side fluid tempera
ture & shell side fluid temperature and tube material & shell
material are different.
• U tube heat Exchanger is cheaper than floating head heat Ex
changer.
• Both type of heat Exchanger also facilitate the cleaning of tu
be bundle from outside surface. Both have one disadvantage
s over fixed tube sheet Heat Exchangers that is in both type
of heat Exchanger for a given no of tubes required to accom
modate the tubes are higher than the same required for fix
ed tube sheet Heat Exchangers.
• U tube Heat Exchanger are not recommend to use for tub
e side dirty fluid. It is difficult to remove dirt from the U tub
e.While floating head Heat Exchanger can be used where b
oth shell side & tube side fluid are dirty.
Floating head Heat Exchangers are two types
(i) Pull through floting head with baking device.it is widely used in
chemical process industries.
Advantage: Compred to Pull through floting head less diameter is
required for shell to accommodate the same number of tubes.
Disadvantage: More maintenance time is required.In maintenanc
e shell cover is removed first,then the split baking ring, then floati
ng head cover, then tube bundle is removed from stationary end.
(ii) Pull through floting head: It is used with kettle type reboiler.it
does not use the spilt baking ring. with this Heat Exchanger it is p
ossible to remove the entire tube bundle including floting head as
sembly from the stationary end. But it is the costlier Heat exchang
er.
Sealing strip:
• In Kern method, it is assumed that entire fluid is flowing in cross flo
w manner. In all latest method of process design shell side fluid flow
is divided in five different streams. Among these streams one of the
stream is flow of shell side fluid bypassed through the clearance bet
ween tube bundle & shell ID. This clearance are significant in case of
Pull through floting head heat Exchanger.
• Bypassing of shell side fluid through this area reduce the value of sh
ell side heat transfer coefficient. For such cases, sealing strips are pr
ovided in clearance between tube bundle & shell ID. Sealing strips r
educe the amount of bypass stream flow through this methods. She
ll side heat transfer coefficient is also a function of no of sealing stri
ps provided in this area. sealing strip s also make the removal of tub
e bundle from the shell easier. hence they are also known as sealing
strips.
Tube: Tube sizes are ranging from 1/4"(6.35mm) to 2 1/2 (63.5mm)
are used. For a without phase change Heat Exchanger & for condense
r 3/4" size tube is widely used in actual practice. While for reboiler 1"
tube size is common.
Tube side pass partition: Tube side passes are provided to d
ecrease the tube flow area and to increase the tube side fluid velocit
y & therby to improve the tube side heat transfer coefficient, but at t
he exapance of pressure drop. For example For design purpose of we
compare 1-1 heat Exchanger with 1-2 heat Exchanger, for the same n
os of tubes & same size of tubes, for a equal flow rate velocity of tub
e side fluid in 1-2 heat Exchanger is doubled than 1-1 heat exchanger.
Tube sheet: Tubes are attached to tube sheet. Tube to tube shee
t joints are two types (1) Expanded joint (2) welding joint. Welding joi
nt is costlier than Expanded joint. hence welding joint is used only for
the cases where leakage of fluid resulted in disaster.