Government Engineering

College Bharuch

BRANCH : Chemical
SEMESTER : 8
SUBJECT : Project(2180504)
TOPIC : “Production of paper from banana stems”

ENROLLMENT NO. NAME

160140105031 Patel Axitkumar
160140105008 Dodiya Sagar
160140105014 Kantesariya Jay
160140105011 Gavit Tanmaykumar
160140105026 Nakum Dharmendra 1
 TOPIC

• INTRODUCTION
• MATERIAL AND METHODS
• FLOW DIAGRAM
• PROCESS
• ADVANTAGES
 INTRODUCTION

• Papers are made using wood and non-wood material such as

bagasse and banana fibers. Eco-friendly papers production are
alkali-free and non- pollution process.
• Handmade paper Industries has become more popular
because of its eco-friendly nature and has the significant
impacts for growing forest and preserving the greenery.
• In this project handmade papers are made from: Bagasse and
banana fibers.
 HANDMADE PAPER FROM BAGASSE

• Bagasse is the fibrous residue which is remaining after

sugarcane is crashed to extract its juice. By using agricultural
residue rather than wood will add advantages of reducing
deforestation.
• Sugarcane bagasse is particularly studied because it is one of
the most important raw materials for paper pulp production
in many countries.
• Bagasse is well suited for tissue, corrugating medium, news
print and writing paper. Sugarcane can be finding in many
areas in Oman such as Nizwa and Sohar
 HANDMADE PAPER FROM BANANA FIBERS

• Banana fiber has great potentialities for paper making

because of its high alpha-cellulose and low lignin content.
• Today banana fibers is used as a source of raw material for
preparation of a paper pulp.
• This pulp is used to prepare different types of paper such as
tissue, bloating, tracing and writing printing paper.
• Banana is the most important fruit crops in the world and
Oman in particular, which is the largest producer of bananas
in the Gulf region and is considered the province of Dhofar
and Batinah region.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS

RAW MATERIAL PREPARATION

• The fibers were washed and cleaned with water to remove

extraneous matter such as grit and soil particles and also
excess sap water.
• The pseudo-stems which were detached from layered exterior
bark and foliage were about 20 cm in width and 60cm in
height.
• The pseudo-stem sheaths were manually separated into
individual sheath.
• The sheath were carefully tuxied using a sharp blade and
the extracted fibers were deprived of pith.
 BANANA FIBER

• The banana plant does not only provide with the banana fruit
but also offers banana fiber.
• Banana fiber is characterized as best fiber and is known as a
good source of fiber in countries such as Nepal, Japan,
Philippines, Paraguay and India.
• Fibers occur in almost any part of the plant leaves, pseudo-
stem, seeds, fruits and fruit peels.
• An acre of land can generate roughly 1000 to 1500
pseudo-stems and from this output, approximately
10 to 13 of these stems are required to produce 1-
2 kg of banana fiber.
• The banana plant contains an excellent source of
cellulosic fibers which can be explored in the PPI
for its suitability as pulp.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF BANANA FIBRES

• The banana pseudo stem is found to be capable of being used

as a raw material as it is fast growing and yields high biomass.
• The banana stem which contains satisfactory cellulose content
can be processed into paper.
• Appearance of banana fiber is similar to that of bamboo fiber
and ramie fiber, but its fineness and spinnability is better than
the two.
• It is highly strong fiber.
• It has somewhat shiny appearance depending upon the
extraction & spinning process.
 PROCESS

RAW MATERIAL SELECTION

• Papers are made from tree free materials like Silk cotton,
Cotton, Bagasse, Banana fibers, mat grass, Kenaf, agave and
jute waste.
• In addition to these alternate sources, the waste paper
available in plenty can be recycled for production of
handmade papers.
 EXTRACTION OF FIBER FROM PLANTS
• The extraction of the natural fiber from the plant required
certain care to avoid damage.
• In the experiments, initially the banana plant sections were
cut from the main stem of the plant and then rolled lightly to
remove the excess moisture.
• Impurities in the rolled fibers such as pigments, broken fibers,
coating of cellulose etc. were removed manually by means of
comb, and then the fibers were cleaned and dried.
 SOAKING
• Soak the collected plants in water for prior to pulping

• BIO PULPING & BIO-BLEACHING

• The fiber is bleached by subjecting to microbial treatment in a

separate tank.
• The duration of treatment is 3-5 days.
• Hemicellulose and lignin are responsible for the dull color of
the fiber.
• This helps to enhance the brightness of the paper.
• This can be rightly called as bio-bleaching of fibers.
 WASHING
• After the fungal treatment which has been done for 3-5 days,
the banana fiber has to be washed to remove unwanted
materials and microbial strains.

• FORMATION OF SHEET ON CLOTH

• Take a piece of Gada cloth that has sufficient size to cover the
entire outer surface of the vat. Place a neat & wrinkle free
Gada cloth over themesh (that now has the pulp) in such a
way that no gaps, folding or water bubbles occur in the pulp
formed on the cloth.
• For each sheet of pulp use different layers of cloths and place
it one over the other.
 SCREW PRESSING
• Remove the evenly formed wet sheet by placing gada cloth
interfacing over the finished sheet and repeat the process to
make many sheets.
• This wet paper contains moisture and air bubbles. The water
remains in the wet paper has to be removed thoroughly by
applying even pressure on the paper so as to obtain sooth
surfaced paper.
• In the conventional process, big types of screw presses are
used to squeeze the water from the wet paper which involves
huge cost and requires more man power to operate.
 DRYING
• Remove the stocked pulp cloths from the screw press and
remove or peel off from the each cloth.
• It may take six hours to dry under room temperature. Remove
the sheets from the cloth only when it completely dridried
• To get a rough paper the sheet can be left for a complete
drying.
 IRONING
• To achieve smoothness in the paper and to remove wrinkles,
press the each dried papers separately using iron box.
CUTTING
• Cut the sheets to the required size and shape. The paper thus
made can be further converted into various paper products.
 ADVANTAGES

• Highly strong fiber.

• Mixes well with other fibers to form composites.
• Lightweight.
• Biodegradable.
• Rapidly Renewable.
• Water-resistant.
• Flame-resistant.
• Naturally beautiful
 RECOMMENDATIONS

• Save money on raw material since it uses agriculture wastes.

• Eco-friendly and it reduce the greenhouse gas emission
because it used only agriculture wastes and do not cut wood
tree to made paper.
• By enhancing properties of paper, it can be used for
commercial packaging, decorative purposes etc.
• Small business unit can be developed around this project. It
will create job as well as remove some solid agricultural
waste.
Thank you