POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION

BE ELECTRICAL
Credit Hours : 03

By: Prof. Engr. Abdul Mutalib

Department of Electrical Engineering 1

Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar
 Lecture#1

Power system Protection Fundamentals

• Introduction
• Components
• Protective Devices
• System of Protection
• Essential Conditions of Protection
system

Department of Electrical Engineering

Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar
• Power-system protection is a branch of electrical power
engineering that deals with the protection of electrical power
systems from faults through the isolation of faulted parts
from the rest of the electrical network.
Protection systems usually comprise five components:
• Current and voltage transformers
• Protective relays
• Circuit breakers
• Batteries
• Fuses
• Current & Voltage Transformer: Current & Voltage
Transformer to step down the high voltages and currents of
the electrical power system to convenient levels for the
relay.

Current Transformer Voltage Transformer

 • Protective Relays to sense the fault and initiate
a trip, or disconnection.
• Circuit Breakers to open/close the system based on relay
and auto reclose commands.

Digital Relay Circuit Breakers

 • Batteries to provide power in case of
power disconnection in the system.

• Fuses for parts of a distribution system, fuses

are capable of both sensing and disconnecting faults

Batteries
Fuses
Functionality:
• Automatic operation, such as auto-re-closing or
system restart
• Monitoring equipment which collects data on the
system for post event analysis.
 There are three parts of protective devices:
• Instrument transformer
• Relay
• Circuit Breaker

Circuit Breaker Relay

Inst T/F
Major advantages of protective devices are:

• Safety
• Economy
• Accuracy
System of Protection
There are several types of protection:
• Over current protection
• Distance protection
• Differential Protection
• Pilot Protection
Essential Conditions of Protection system

We can measure a protection systems performance

with following:
• Selectivity
• Reliability
• Sensitivity
• Fast Operation
1. Selectivity
• The quantity of the protective relay by which it is able to
discriminate between a fault in the protective section or
normal condition.
• It should be able to distinguish whether a fault lies with in its
zone of protection or outside the zone.

2. Reliability
• A protective system must be operate reliably when a fault
occur in its zone of protection. The failure of protection
system may be due to the failure of any one or more element
of the protected system e.g. C.T, P.T, Protection Relays,
Circuit Breaker, batteries
3. Sensitivity:
• Protective relay should operate when the magnitude of
current exceeds the pre set value this value is called pickup
current.
• The relay should not operate when the current is below its
pickup value .
• A relay should be sufficiently sensitive to operate, when the
operating current just increase sue to pickup value.

4. Stability
• A protective relay should remain stable even when a large
current is flowing through its protective zone due to external
fault.
5. Fast Operation:

• A protective system should be fast enough to isolate the faulty

elements of the system as quickly as possible to minimize the
damage of the equipment's after conforming all the test