by the referee. • Offensive and Defensive teams. • 3 contacts per team after receiving the ball. • 1 contact per person. • 30s is given per team for a time- out. • 2 Time-outs is allowed per set. • Players should be outside the court. • The team that wins 25 points wins a set. • Deciding set is played in 15 points. Officiating Volleyball • Officiating is the supervision of sports competitions. • Officials should be accurate in officiating and unbiased. • The quality of the game depends on the knowledge of the officials. Officials and their Roles The First Referee • Leads the match from the start until the game ends. • The decision of the referee is final. • Can replace any official is not performing well. • Has the authority to resolve game matters • Do the inspection prior to the match : playing area, ball, net, and post. • Does the toss coin with team captains. • Controls the warm-ups of the teams. • Has the authority to give warnings to the teams. • Give sanctions such as misconduct and delays. • Checks the score sheet at the end of the match. Second Referee • Helps the 1st referee. • Can replace the first referee. • May also give signal faults but has no right to insist it to the first referee. • Directs the work of the scorer. • Supervises the conduct of the non- playing members of the team on the bench. • Permits interruptions and discards improper appeal. • Controls the team time-outs and substitutions. • If a player is injured, he or she may authorize an exceptional substitution. • Checks the condition of the floor, and ball before the match begins. Scorer • Keeps the score sheet. • Report irregularities using a buzzer to the referee. • Do the recording of the names and numbers of the players and takes the signatures of the captain and coaches of every team. • Registers the starting line-up of the game. • Records the scores of the team during the match. • Monitors the order of the service. • Gives notifications to any player request such as time-outs and substitutions. • Announces the scores to the referees at the end of each set. • Records the sanctions of the players. • Signs the score sheet and attains the signatures of the team captains and coaches. Line Judges • A flag is used to perform their functions. • When the ball crosses the outside antenna of the net, the flag is waved overhead. • Cross the arms on chest level while holding the flag if the judging is impossible. • When the server crosses the end line, he or she points the flag to the end line.