Welcome to

MATHEMATICS 7

Teacher
Mrs. Reynalou T. Tizon
 During our class, please observe the following:
1. Always turn on your camera for me to see you or monitor what you
are doing.
2. While the class is going on, turn off your microphone to avoid
feedbacking on the other line. You may turn it on only if you have
something to say or if you are asked by the teacher to answer.
3. Avoid chatting unnecessary things in the chat box.
4. Always set a respectful tone and gesture while the camera or
microphone is on. and
5. Be attentive to the class.
Are you ready my dear students?
 Objectives
In this lesson, you are expected to:

a. describe and illustrate

❑ well-defined sets;
❑ subsets;
❑ universal set;
❑ null set; and
❑ cardinality of sets;

 
 SETS
✔ Introduction to Sets
1 3

4
2
 Explore
a. Which one does not belong to the group? Why do you think so?
b. Is there any common characteristic among the items in each group?
c. What possible name can you give to each group?

1.

2.
What is SET?
 Learn about it !

A set is a well-defined collection of objects.

⮚It has common characteristic.

⮚The objects are called elements or members of the set.
⮚The elements of the set are separated by commas(,).
⮚It is named using a capital letter. Like A, B, C and so on…
⮚The elements of the sets are written in small letters/lower
case.
⮚Braces { } are often used to denote a set.
Example:
set of primary colors
P = { red, yellow, blue}

set of JHS subjects

P = { Math,Fil., Eng., Comp,}
 Learn about it !

✔It is definitely common for us to use the concept

of sets in everyday experience. Like:
1. a set of silverwares
2. a set of clothes
3. a set of dishes
4. a set of books
 Learn about it !

✔In Mathematics, we have discussed some of

the following:
1. a set of counting numbers
C = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …}

2. a set of integers
I = { -1, -2, +1, +2, 0 , …}
 A well-defined set is a set with
determinable elements.

Well-defined means, it must be

absolutely clear that which
object belongs to the set and
which does not.
 Well-defined Set or Not?
1. The set of all large/big numbers. _____Not
Well-defined
2. The set of all multiples of 5. ____________
Not
3. The set of beautiful flowers. _____________
4. The set of players ages between 16 to
Well-defined
20 years old. ____________
KNOWLEDGE CHECK

How do you know

whether the objects
form a set or not?
Let’s exercise our thoughts
Identify each set as well-defined or not and give your
reason.
 
1. set of good politicians
2. set of young dancers
3. set of whole numbers
4. set of quadrilaterals
B. List at least four elements for each set being described
below.

1: set of favorite colors. {______________ }

2: Set of subjects. { _________________}

3: Set of brand of shoes . { _____________}

 Notations of Sets
❖Element of a set
A = {5, 10, 15, 20} means “a set consisting
the elements 5, 10, 15, and 20.”
✔ To indicate 5 as an element of set A, we write “5 
A“ and read it as
“5 is an element of A” or
“5 is a member of A”.
✔ The symbol  is read as
“ is an element of” or “is a member of”
✔the notation ∉ is read as
“is not an element of.”
Example: A = {5, 10, 15, 20}
Then, 5  A, 10  A, 15  A, 20  A

and a ∉ A, 7 ∉ A and 12 ∉ A
Insert the correct symbol ( or ∉ ) in the following
statements.
∉
1. 1 _________ {prime numbers}
∉
2. Circle ________ {polygons}

3. 0 __________ {whole numbers}
 {continents}
4. Asia ________
Learn about it !

What is EMPTY SET?

 
Given the sets below, put a check mark on the blank if the set
is empty or null and (x) mark if it is not.
1.A = { 0 } ______
2.C = { people over 6 meters tall } _______
3.D = { negative integers greater than 0} _______
4.E = { color you like the most} __________
When do you use ELLIPSIS?

(…)
Some sets contain infinite number of elements.

✔ We use ellipsis (…) to indicate that there are elements in

the set not written down.
Example:
1. Set of natural numbers using ellipsis.
N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …}
2. Set of Asian countries
C = {Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia,…}
❖ Subset
✔ Set A is a subset of set B, written as A ⊆ B,
if and only if every element in set A is also an element in set B.
Example:
B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} and C= {2, 5, 8, 9}
⮚ Notice that every element of set C is found in set B.
⮚ Then, we say that set C is a subset of set B. in symbol, C ⊆ B

❑But B is not a subset of C, since not all elements of set B are contained
in set C. in symbol, B ⊄ C
Study the given sets below. Write the symbol ⊆ or ⊄ to make a true
statement.

A={1, 2, 3, 4} B={3, 4, 2}
C={1, 4, 3} D={the first four counting
numbers}
⊄ C
1. A _____
⊆ A
2. D _____

⊆ A
3. B _____

⊄ C
4. B _____
Learn about it !

What is Universal Set?

❖ Universal Set
✔A set which contains all the elements of other given sets is called
Universal Set.
✔ A symbol used to denote universal set is ∪.
✔ Same or repeated elements must be written once only.
Example:
1. A= {1, 2, 3} B= {2, 3, 4} C= {3, 5, 7}
Then U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7}
2. D = { c, a, r} E = { b, a, d } C={ r, a, t }
Then U = {a, b, c, d, r, t}
Study the given sets below and form the universal set U.
1. A = { 1, 2, 3, 4} B = {2, 4, 5} C = { 3, 5}

U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }

2. D = {a, t } E = {m, t, h} F = { h, a, t }

U = { a, h, m, t } or U = {m, a, t, h}

3. G = { , , } H= { , , }

U={ }
 ❖ Cardinality of Set
✔The number of distinct elements in a finite set is called
its cardinal number.
✔It is denoted as n(A) and read as ‘the number of
elements of the set’.

Note:
(i) Cardinal number of an infinite set is not defined.
(ii) Cardinal number of empty set is 0 because it has no element.
Example:

1.Set A = {2, 4, 7, 9, 15} has 5 elements.

Therefore, the cardinal number of set A = 5.
So, it is denoted as n(A) = 5.
2. Set X = {letters in the word MALAYALAM}.
Set X has elements M, A, L, and Y or 4 elements.
⮚Therefore, the cardinal number of set X = 4.
⮚ So, it is denoted as n(X) = 4
 Learn about it !
 

3. Set E = {   } has no element.

❑Therefore, the cardinal number of set D = 0.

❑So, it is denoted as n(D) = 0.

Find the cardinality of each set.
1. Y = {5, 6, 6, 7, 11, 6, 13, 11, 8} _n(Y) =____6

2. Z = {natural numbers between 20 and 50, which are divisible by 7}

_n(Z) = _____ 5
3. W={days of the week} _n(W) =_____7

50
4. A={2, 4, 6, 8, 10…, 100} _n(A)=___________
Let’s wrap up
our lesson
 Summary/Generalization

1.How do you define set?

2.When do you know if the set is well-defined or not?
3. When do you say that a set is empty?
4. Is the concept or idea of set applicable when you are at
home? How about in your area/in your room?
 Why do we need to be organized at all times?

Grouping or sorting things according to specific category or

purpose is pleasing to everyone’s eyes and can make your day
more productive.
Being organized at all times will save time looking for things
you need, then therefore you will have more time to work on
important things or tasks assigned to you.
1 Corinthians 14:40

Let all things be done decently and in order.

 Assessment:

✔ Short quiz
(posted in our google classroom)
 Objectives

Were you able to describe and illustrate:

✔ well-defined sets;
✔ subsets;
✔ universal set;
✔ null set; and
✔ cardinality of sets;