WHAT ARE THE TWO METHODS

OF COMPOSITE
CONSTRUCTION IN BUILDINGS?

Method 2
In this method, shear connectors are used to connect
the steel beam with the concrete slab. Ultimate load is
the main factor considered in this method. The
maximum stress in the bottom flange is
fs = (MD + ML)/ Str<=0.66Fy
To find the transformed composite section, we have to
bring in the neutral axis into consideration. We
consider the concrete above the neutral axis as an
equivalent steel area by dividing the concrete area by
the ratio of modulus of elasticity of steel to that of the
concrete( n).
 The main role of shear connectors in composite beam is
to transfer the longitudinal shear stresses at the interface
between the steel beam and the concrete slab in order to
obtain the composite beam behavior
 There are various types of shear connectors being used in
composite beam such as headed stud, perfobond ribs, t-
rib connector, oscillating perfobond strips, waveform
strips, t-connectors, channel connector and non-welded
connectors
 . The most common solution to achieve the composite
behavior is by using headed stud shear connectors. This
is because, the composite action can be achieved almost
perfectly by using headed stud shear connectors that are
welded to the top flange of the steel beam and which are
embedded in the cast in situ concrete slab
Headed stud shear connector is the most widely used
mechanical shear connector (type (a) in Fig. ), since this
type of shear connector can provide robust and ductile
shear connection and can be easily installed . Other
advantages that can be obtained by using headed stud
connectors are; fast welding, good anchor in concrete, the
arrangement of reinforcement through the slab is easy,
production of large scale size is easy, the standard
dimensioned head is a resistance factor for slab uplift and
they are practical to be used in steel deck slabs.
A very small portion of concrete slab is considered
effective in resisting the compressive flexural stresses
while determining the transformed section. As per
standards, the width of slab on either side of the effective
beam centerline should not exceed any of the following
conditions:
• One-eighth of the beam span between centers of supports
• Half the distance to the centerline of the adjacent beam
• The distance from beam centerline to edge of slab