Apply critical reasoning and

thinking to a range of
problem-solving scenarios
<your name>
Problem solving
skills
 Agenda
01
Problem solving skills Style
02
Applying Critical
Reasoning

03 Process of applying
Critical Reasoning
What is a Problem ??
The concise Oxford Dictionary (1995) defines a problem
as:
“Doubtful or Unresolved”
And

"It's a difficult thing to understand

or deal with."
 Analyzing a problem
Problem analysis examines a situation/problem to
recommend practical solutions to the problem and
allows the researcher to understand the problem
better

Problem analysis will determine the extent of the

problem and if the problem is genuinely link to the
specific site where the problem investigated.
(Deno, 2005)
 Problem Analyzing Steps
When we have a problem, we must
Analyze the probability
thoroughly
analyze the problem by following
Define the central
steps
question

Identify the obstacles to

the problem.

Identify relevant
options

Choose the best

option.

Develop an
Implementation Plan
Use of tools and methods

Brainstorming

SWOT Analysis

5 WHY method
 Brainstorming
Solving traditional group problems
often prevents group behavior from
helping.
It is important to start with a structured,
analytical process of problem-solving
that can lead a team to develop limited
and unthinkable ideas(Cave, 1996)
 Brainstorming Methods
Group
Brainstorming
Brainstorming is a group planning technique
where members attempt to solve a specific
problem by assembling a list of ideas that
they voluntarily contribute to.
Individual
Brainstorming
People with a single
brain enjoy the
flexibility of working
at their own pace
Individual
Brainstorming
Individual brainstorming tends to produce a wider range of
ideas than group brainstorming, but tends not to develop the
ideas as effectively, perhaps as individuals on their own run
up against problems they cannot solve.

Individuals are free to explore ideas in their own time without

any fear of criticism, and without being dominated by other
group members.
 Group
Brainstorming
Group brainstorming develops ideas more deeply and
effectively, as when difficulties in the development of an idea
by one person are reached, another person's creativity and
experience can be used to break them down.

Group brainstorming tends to produce fewer ideas (as time is

spent developing ideas in depth) and can lead to the suppression
of creative but quiet people by loud and uncreative ones.
Although they both have their own advantages in stimulating ideas, people are
more creative in brainwashing rather than as a group. Because

• They can generate their own ideas

• Opinions can be blocked

• They can generate more ideas:

In our training program, we always used

brainstorming. We had to set some team barriers
and get ideas when deciding something.
 • SWOT Analysis is a way of summarizing your

SWOT Analysis company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and

threats.
• The purpose of a SWOT analysis is to help
organizations develop a complete understanding of all
the factors that are relevant to making a business
decision.
• Before you take any kind of company action, do a
SWOT analysis of whether you are exploring new
initiatives, reforming internal policies, considering a
plan change, or changing a plan's implementation.
• Use your SWOT analysis to find recommendations and
strategies focused on leveraging strengths and
opportunities to overcome weaknesses and threats(Rose,
2017. )
• .
In our team work we use SWOT analysis. When we
making a decision we analyzed it by SWOT method
to find out its Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities
and threats.
Advantages of SWOT

a) It is a source of information for strategic planning.

b) Builds organization’s strengths.
c) Reverse its weaknesses.
d) Maximize its response to opportunities.
e) Overcome organization’s threats.
f) It helps in identifying core competencies of the firm.
g) It helps in setting of objectives for strategic planning.
h) It helps in knowing past, present and future so that by
using past and current data, future plans can be chalked
out.
Disadvantages of SWOT

a) Insufficient research and development facilities;

b) Faulty products due to poor quality control;
c) Poor industrial relations;
d) Lack of skilled and efficient labour
e) Price increase;
f) Inputs/raw materials;
g) Government legislation;
h) Economic environment;
i) Searching a new market for the product which is not having
overseas market due to import restrictions; etc.
Five Why Method
Developed by the founder of
Toyota Industries, Sakichi Toyoda,

The procedure is simple: "Why?"

You will find the root cause of it.
Five times. Then, when an anti-
measurement is evident, you
follow it to prevent the problem
from recurring.
How to use 5 Why

1.Assemble a group
2.Define the problem
3.Ask for four more reasons
4.Know when to stop
5.Analyze the root cause
6.Monitor your steps (Bulsuk, 2009)
Applying Critical
Reasoning
Critical Reasoning

Critical reasoning is an intellectually

disciplined process for actively and skillfully
conceptualizing, applying, analyzing,
synthesizing and / or evaluating the
information collected or generated by
observation, experience, reflection, reasoning
or communication as a guide to belief and
action(Bailin, 1999)
Steps in Critical Reasoning

1) Make a Startup Problem Statement

2) Check whether you are solving the
problem
3) Refine the problem definition
4) The scope of the problem
Process of applying
Critical Reasoning
 Steps in Critical Reasoning

Identify the
problem. 1 3

Work up to
Decode the
right and
argument 2 4 wrong.
Identify the problem
• Various forms of CR The stem words (the
lowest portion of the argument) enable us to
identify the crucial logic problem that must be
solved.
• It is vital to identify the problem as soon as
possible since there are several arguments
based on the critical rationale we have.
• We need to know how to fix the current
problem right away, which we can achieve by
recognizing the family and the specific problem
Decode the argument
• Premises, contradictions, assumptions, and
conclusions are the building blocks of an
argument.
• When reading the argument, we want to take
extremely brief notes that allow us to break it
down into its constituent parts.
• Knowing all the sort of data and other
components do we have of this enables us to
engage in what is known as purposeful reading.
• This implies that we know what we're doing for
each sort of inquiry.
Specify the target.
• This is a simple but sometimes neglected step: What
precisely am I attempting to accomplish by responding to this
question?
• In this instance, when we start getting answers, we need to
remind ourselves of the aim, which varies depending on the
sort of questions we have.
• Our objective is to provide you with at least a few reasons
(but not all) and the correct solution.
• As we continue to investigate, we discover that guessing
frequently yields catastrophic results; that is, they may or
may not be real, but the solution is not always correct.
Work up to right and wrong.
• If we have two or more answers left, we
can compare the remaining answers a
second time.
• It is tempting, but we are better able to
distinguish between wrong answers and
the right answers because it reminds us
of our goal before looking at the answers.
• Since the above steps have used in the
process of using critical logic in our
program, we have benefited from using
critical logic.
• This is the most accurate way to solve
the problem.
Any Questions??
THANK YOU
 References
1. Bailin, S. C. R. C. J. R. a. D. L., 1999. ‘Conceptualizing critical thinking’,. Journal of Curriculum Studies, vol. 31, no.
3, pp. , 31(3), p. 285–302..
2. Bulsuk, K., 2009. bulsuk. [Online]
Available at: https://www.bulsuk.com/2009/03/5-why-finding-root-causes.html
[Accessed 17 09 2021].
3. Cave, C., 1996. Techniques for Creative Thinking: Brainstorming, Creativity Web: Resources for Creativity and
Innovation.. [Online]
Available at: http://www.ozemail.com.au/~caveman/Creative/.
[Accessed 17 09 2021].
4. Deno, S., 2005. Assessment for intervention: A problem-solving approach.. In: R. Brown-Chidsey, ed. Problem-
Solving Assessment.. New York, NY,: US: Guilford Press., pp. (10-40)..
5. Rose, M., 2017. . What is SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis)? -SearchCIO..
[Online]
Available at: http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/SWOT-analysis-strengths-weaknesses-opportunities
[Accessed 17 09 2021].