LAWS OF

MOTION
 NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

First Law: Law of Inertia

3 types of Inertia
 Inertia of Rest
 Inertia of Motion
 Inertia of Direction
Second Law: Law of
Acceleration
Third Law: Law of Interaction
FIRST LAW OF
MOTION:
LAW OF I N E RT I A
 FIRST LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF INERTIA

A body at rest will

remain at rest, & a
body in motion will
remain in motion,
unless it is acted upon
by an external
unbalanced force.
[Two clauses and a condition]. Retrieved July 19, 2017 from
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-1/Newton-s-First-Law
 FIRST LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF INERTIA

Example:
A soccer ball will remain resting on the grass until
a force acts on it (a kick).

Once it is kicked, the soccer ball’s inertia will keep

it going because the ball RESISTS changing its
motion.

If the ball doesn’t hit anything, the forces of gravity

and friction will eventually stop the ball.
 FIRST LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF INERTIA

• Why does the ball resist changing

its motion?

• Why does gravity and friction eventually

stop the ball?
 FIRST LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF INERTIA

Why does the ball resist changing

its motion?

• Because of INERTIA
 INERTIA

• The resistance of any physical object to any

change in its state of motion.

• It is proportional to the mass of the object.

• Big masses resist changing their motion more

than small masses.
Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted on by a net
force.

A lot of inertia! The large train
resists changing its motion.
Since the train is so huge, it is difficult
to change its speed. In fact, a large net
force is required to change its speed or
direction.
Very little inertia. The small baby
carriage has very little resistance to
changes in motion.
Since the baby carriage is so small, it is
very easy to change its speed or
direction. A small net force is required
to change its speed or direction.
Objects in motion remain in motion in a straight line
(unless acted upon by an outside force).

A lot of inertia! Very little inertia

Since the train is so huge, it is
difficult to stop it once it is
moving. It is difficult to change its
speed. In fact, a large net force is
required to change its speed.
Since the soccer ball is so
small, it is very easy to stop it
once it is moving. A small net
force is required to change its
speed.
 3 TYPES OF INERTIA

Inertia of Rest
Inertia of Motion
Inertia of
Direction
 INERTIA OF REST

The inability of a
body to change
by itself its state
of rest.
 INERTIA OF MOTION

The inability of a
body to change
by itself its state
of uniform
motion
 INERTIA OF DIRECTION

The inability of a body to change by

itself its direction of motion
 FIRST LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF INERTIA

Why does gravity and friction eventually

stop the ball?

• Because on Earth, gravity and friction are

UNBALANCED forces that often change
an object’s motion.
 FIRST LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF INERTIA

Weight (Fw)
• Pull of Earth’s gravity on an
object
• Obtained by the product of
mass of an object (m) and the
acceleration due to gravity (g =
9.8 m/s2)

Fw = m ∙ g
 FIRST LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF INERTIA

Friction
• The force that resists sliding motion
• Two conditions in order to have friction between
two objects:
1. Objects must have surfaces in contact
2. Objects must be sliding along the surface of contact, or at
least there must be an external force that is trying to slide
the object
SECOND LAW OF
MOTION:
LAW OF AC C E LE RATION
SECOND LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF ACCELERATION

The force acting on

an object is equal
to the mass of that
object times its
acceleration.
 SECOND LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF ACCELERATION

F= m∙
a
Where:
F = net
force m =
mass
a=
 SECOND LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF ACCELERATION

1 Newton = 1 kg • m/s2

One Newton is defined as the amount of force required

to give a 1-kg mass an acceleration of 1 m/s/s.
 SECOND LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF ACCELERATION

Weight vs Mass
Weight – the force of gravity acting on an
object Mass – how much matter makes up an
object

A person will have the same mass no matter where in the

universe it is measured. However, a person’s weight will be
different depending on the force of gravity where it is
being measured.
 SECOND LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF ACCELERATION

An object of mass 300 kg is observed to accelerate at the rate of

4 m/s2. Calculate the force required to produce this acceleration.

m = 300 kg F = ???
a = 4 m/s2

F = m ∙a
F = 300kg (4 m/s2)
F = 1200 kg/m/s2 = 1200 N
THIRD LAW OF
MOTION:
LAW OF I N T E RACTI ON
 THIRD LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF INTERACTION

For every action, there is an equal

and opposite reaction.

Action–reaction pairs
• Equal in magnitude
• Opposite in direction
• Act on two different
objects
 THIRD LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF INTERACTION

Example:
• A kayaker moves forward by
exerting an action force on
the water with a paddle

• The water pushes back on

the paddle with an equal
reaction force that propels
the kayak forward
 THIRD LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF INTERACTION

• Are two forces with

an equal
magnitude and
opposite directions,
action-reaction
pairs?
• Do action-reaction
pairs cancel each
other out?
 SUMMARY

Three Laws of
Motion
 Law of Inertia
 Law of Acceleration
 Law of Interaction
Inertia
 Inertia of Rest
 Inertia of Motion
 Inertia of Direction
 ACTIVITY – TRUE OR FALSE

1. A less massive object has more inertia than a

more massive object.
2. The only way to slow down a moving object is to apply
a net force to it.
3. A stationary object has no forces acting on it.
4. Weight and mass are the same and can be
used interchangeably in equations.
5. Law of interaction involves two forces acting on only
one object.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!T HE E N D