Surveillance in Europe:

status and plans

MAKS 2013, Moscow

29th August 2013

Johan Martensson
Network Manager Directorate, EUROCONTROL

The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation

Agenda

1 ●
Introduction

2 ●
Deployment & Regulations

3 ●
Performance Analysis

4 ●
Next steps

2
 ADS-B/WAM Deployment – CASCADE
 Wide Area Multilateration (WAM)

 Ground Surveillance Applications (ADS-B Out)

 Enhanced ATS in Non-Radar areas (NRA) 2010 IOC
 Enhanced ATS in Radar areas (RAD)
 Airport Surface Surveillance (APT)
 Aircraft derived data (ADD) ADS-B
Receiver

 Airborne Surveillance Applications (ADS-B In ATSAW)

 Enhanced TSA during Flight operations (AIRB)
 In Trail Procedure (ITP) 2011 IOC
 Visual separation on approach (VSA)
 Enhanced TSA for Surface operations (SURF)

ATS – Air Traffic Services  Interval Management (FIM - ADS-B In Spacing)

TSA – Traffic Situation Awareness 3
 Global interoperability

• More than a decade of intensive international co-operation

• ANSPs/Airspace Users/Industry/Regulators
• Common Standards for Operations and Systems
• Completed for
• ADS-B Out
• ADS-B In: Traffic Situation Awareness in the cockpit
• Ongoing for
• ADS-B In: Spacing, Separation, Alerting
• Aligned Certification material
• Civil-Military interoperability
• Reduction of exemptions for State aircraft
• Provisions for military in SES Regulations
• Rationalisation of CNS infrastructure
• Exchange of functional performance assessment results
• Guidance to implementers
• Great contribution to global interoperability and cost-efficiency
4
Agenda

1 ●
Introduction

2 ●
Deployment & Regulations

3 ●
Performance Analysis

4 ●
Next steps

5
 ADS-B and WAM Deployment in Europe
Pioneer Phase
ADS-B IN

Voluntary implementation in wider areas

New equipage

Avionics: EASA AMC20-24 and later EASA CS-ACNS

Pioneer Phase Mandate Phase

EU Regulation 1207/2011
ADS-B OUT

Voluntary implementation IR based implementation

in pocket areas in wider areas
Certified existing equipage 2015 2017 2019Upgraded equipage
Avionics: Forward-fit Retro-fit State a/c Avionics:
EASA AMC20-24 EASA CS-ACNS
WAM

WAM / ADS-B Ground system Deployment

6
 ADS-B Out and Mode S Mandate
European Commission Single European Sky
Regulation (EU) 1207/2011 Surveillance Performance & Interoperability
Implementing Rule
(SPI IR)
● All aircraft flying IFR/GAT
● Mode S ELS
● Aircraft flying IFR/GAT >5700 kg or >250kts TAS
● ADS-B Out & Mode S EHS
● Option for ADS-B specific airspace mandate

● Mandate dates
● Forward fit 8 Jan 2015
● Retrofit 7 Dec 2017
● Provisions for State a/c (Article 8)
● 7 Dec 2017 (Mode S ELS)
● 1 Jan 2019 (Mode S EHS and ADS-B for transport-type aircraft)
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 Mode S radar Deployment

• 322 Mode S radars

• 12 new applications (not included) 8
 Austria
ADS-B & WAM Deployment Bulgaria
Legend Czech Republic
ADS-B
  current equipage Cyprus
ADS-B
  updated avionics Denmark
WAM with ADS-B
  capabilities Finland
ADS-B and WAM
  Opportunities France
System Deployment
Dates D = Deployed Germany
Greece
Iceland
Italy
Latvia
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
UK
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Estimated ADS-B & WAM sensors & systems

10
 Aircraft readiness for ADS-B Out operations
Two certification baselines:

AMC 20-24

Legacy ADS-B Out installations are generally compliant to AMC20-24

Several configurations are Certified
Currently used in Operations
Short term implementation in lower density airspace

CS-ACNS – compliance means for EU Regulation 1207/2011

Avionics upgrade required (currently limited availability)

Support high density surveillance
Recommended (future) implementation baseline
 EU IR 1207/2011 (CS-ACNS)
Key ADS-B Avionics Requirements

• System Integrity: 10-5/fh

GNSS
(E)TSO-C129a (DO208) • System Continuity: 5000fh MTBF*
(E)TSO-C145/146 (DO229D)
(E)TSO-C196 (DO316) • Stringent Latency requirements
• Additional GPS receiver qualification
required (beyond ETSO level)
• Same data sources as for SSR
• Device & function failure indications
Transponder • Air/ground status determination
(E)TSO-C166b
(ED102A/DO260B) • Geo Alt: only height-above-ellipsoid
(E)TSO-C112d
(ED73E/DO181E) • Antenna diversity, transmit power –
same as for Mode S
Total Latency: < 1.5s
* CS-ACNS NPA suggesting “remote” discussion on-
Uncomp. Latency: < 0.6s going
 ADS-B Out Regulations in Europe and USA
High-level comparison
Europe 1207/2011(Draft CS-ACNS) ≈ US 14 CFR 91.227(AC20-165A)
1207/2011 91.227
Applicability Aircraft related Airspace related
ADS-B Out Protocol Identical (ED-102A / DO-260B, 1090ES v2)
91.227 allows for UAT below 18 000ft
Antenna Diversity Required Required, bottom-mounted
allowed for A1S,B1S
Position source ETSO-C129a/196/145/146 NIC=7(0.2NM), NACp=8(0.05NM),
NACv=1(10m/s), SIL=3, SDA=2
+ additional requirements
ETSO-C129()/196/145/146*
+ additional requirements
* In practice, higher end receivers (145/146) will likely be
required to meet the US rule with satisfactory availability
Data items Same baseline + Same baseline +
Vertical rate, GPS antenna ADS-B In Capability
offset, Selected Altitude,
Barometric Pressure Setting
 ADS-B IN
5000+ ATSAW flights
• First ATSAW certified aircraft delivered June 2011
• First ATSAW Operations by Swiss 7 Feb 2012 Pioneer operators
• 5000+ flights performed so far

Aircraft ADS-B IN installation type Number of

Type Aircraft
B767 EFB Class 3 3
A330 Integrated display system 16
A330 EFB Class 3 5
Total 24

• Other operators are ordering ADS-B In for new a/c

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Agenda

1 ●
Introduction

2 ●
Deployment & Regulations

3 ●
Performance Analysis

4 ●
Next steps

15
 Surveillance Evolution & Consequences

• Surveillance functions are moving to the aircraft

• Cooperative surveillance: Mode A/C >> Mode S >> ADS-B
• More information is provided by the airborne sub-system
• Surveillance performance is more dependent on the airborne sub-system
 Increasing need for air-ground & air-air interoperability

• Airborne surveillance sub-system is becoming more complex

• More functions
• Increasing number of interfaces with avionics
 Increasing need for inter-avionics equipment interoperability

16
 Performance Monitoring
13300 ADS-B aircraft in the Database
19 billion ADS-B reports
Continuous monitoring

International co-ordination

17
Agenda

1 ●
Introduction

2 ●
Deployment & Regulations

3 ●
Performance Analysis

4 ●
Next steps

18
 Ground Surveillance
Technical specifications
• Composite ADS-B and WAM surveillance system specification
• Surveillance services from a single equipment network
architecture
• New system specification for combined systems (ED-nnn)
• Updated ADS-B & WAM system specifications
(ED-129 & ED-142)

• Generic Surveillance (GEN-SUR) - SPR & PSC

• Guidance to address safety requirements in EC Regulation
1207/2011 – Safety assessment for all Surveillance systems
• Combining surveillance techniques (ADS-B, Radar, WAM) at
functional a level
 Ground Surveillance
Satellite based ADS-B
• Global coverage of ADS-B Out
• excluding higher density areas
• Several studies
• One consortium (Aireon) with firm deployment plans
• Objective to support 15-15 NM Separation
• 66 LEO satellites (Iridium NEXT)
• First launch 2015 / Full constellation 2017
• ATM Impact – key areas
• Network Improvement
• Business Case
• Interoperability
• Global coordination will be required
 ADS-B Out expansion
beyond Air Transport
• Proposal to increase the scope of EU Regulation 1207/2011
• No change to existing requirements or dates !
• Objective to cover all aircraft subject to surveillance
• Maximise Surveillance infrastructure rationalisation
• Mitigate airspace infringements and prevent misleading data

• Low cost ADS-B Out [GNSS & Transponder]

• Two initiatives:
• LPSE – Low Power Surveillance Equipment (FAA)
• LPAT – Low Power ADS-B Transceiver (UK)
• Voluntary equipage
• Target low end airspace users, visible for Situation Awareness
but not for ATC separation services
• Mitigate airspace infringements and prevent misleading data
 ABS-B IN Next steps

• Flight Deck Interval Management (FIM)

• Speed guidance to achieve precise interval spacing between aircraft
• Step 1: MOPS & SPR target end 2014
• Step 2: tbd

• Traffic Situation Awareness with Alerts (TSAA)

• ADS-B based collision avoidance system for aircraft without ACAS II
• At the “traffic advisory” level, i.e. no coordination or resolution advisories
• MOPS & SPR target end 2013

• CDTI Assisted Visual Separation on Approach (CAVS)

• After initial visual contact - allow Own Visual Separation where the
Display replaces visual contact
• MOPS & SPR target end 2013
 Other Surveillance related
Developments
• Flight plan indications for ADS-B
• Proposal to introduce means to indicate specific ADS-B Out
and ADS-B In capabilities in the ICAO flight plan
• FPL 2012 indications as baseline
• Expanding through the SUR/ indicator in Item 18

• ACAS improvements
• Hybrid ACAS – reduced RF though passive use of ADS-B
• ACAS X – Improved ACAS, backwards compatible, with
application adjusted logic

• Improved data link for Surveillance

• 1090 MHz increased bandwidth through phase modulation
• Future data link studies
Conclusions

Surveillance Airborne & Ground

standards and Deployment
Regulations ongoing
published

Rationalised
High Performance
Surveillance
system

New
Global Application
Interoperability Development
ongoing
Questions
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SES Surveillance Regulations overview
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Airborne Surveillance – ADS-B In
Voluntary benefit driven implementation

Airborne Safety net – ACAS II v7.1 – IR driven

EC IR 1332/2011 ICAO Forward-fit v7.1
EUR Forward-fit v7.1 EUR Retro-fit v7.1

Air / Ground Interface – Mode S & ADS-B Out – IR driven

Aircraft operators Forward-fit Retro-fit Mil. a/c Mil.Trp.a/c

EC IR 1207/2011 ELS / EHS / ADS-B ELS / EHS / ADS-B ELS EHS / ADS-B
NPA 2012-19 -> CS-ACNS

EC IR 1206/2011 Systems ready for Aircraft

ID as identification means
Service providers

Ground Surveillance – ADS-B Out / Mode S / WAM

Most appropriate & efficient surveillance solution for the particular environment
 SES Surveillance Regulations Applicability
EU IR 1207/2011 – Mode S & ADS-B Out (v2) ANSPs
• All IFR/GAT aircraft • Most efficient
• Mode S ELS solution
• IFR/GAT aircraft >5700kg or >250kts TAS • Possibility for
• ADS-B Out local mandates
• Fixed wing IFR/GAT aircraft >5700kg or >250kts TAS
• Mode S EHS

EU IR 1332/2011 – ACAS II v7.1

• Turbine-powered aeroplanes > 5 700 kg or > 19 passengers
• ACAS II v7.1
Also applies to aircraft which will be equipped on a voluntary basis
Does not apply to unmanned aircraft systems

ADS-B/ELS/EHS Rtr
Timeline ADS-B/ELS/EHS Fwd
+ ELS Mil. a/c
ADS-B/EHS Mil. Trp. a/c
Regional Mode S mandates 8 Jan 2015 1 Jan 2019
7 dec 2017

TCAS v7.1 Fwd TCAS v7.1 Rtr Ground systems ACID ready
1 Mar 2012 1 Dec 2015 2 Jan 2020 (EU IR 1206/2011)
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 ICAO Documents
• ADS-B Out
• Annex 10 Volume IV (Current Amdt 85, next version: v2 ES 1207/2011)
• Mode S Services on ES (Doc 9871 ed2, 2012)

• ADS-B In [AIRB, ITP, SURF, VSA] + [IM, CAVS, CAPP, TSAA] +…

• PANS-OPS (Doc 8168) to include A/C Operating Procedures
• Airborne Surveillance Manual (Draft Doc 9994, ASTAF)
• ITP (SASP and ASTAF)
• PANS-ATM (Doc 4444) ITP Circular (Draft)

• Mode S & ACAS II

• Annex 10 Volume III & IV
• Mode S Services on ES (Doc 9871 ed2, 2012)
• ACAS Manual (Doc 9863 ed2, 2012)
SASP - Separation and Airspace Safety Panel
ASTAF - Airborne Surveillance Task Force
 Regional Regulatory Documents

• Equipment certification:
• ADS-B Out ETSO-C166b (Jul 2012)* + ETSO-C129a / ETSO-C145c/146c / ETSO-196a
• ADS-B In ETSO-C195a (Jul 2012), TCAS hybrid sur. ETSO-C119c (Dec 2009)
• ACAS II ETSO-C119c (Dec 2009)
• Mode S ETSO-C112d (to be issued)

• Airworthiness Approval
• ADS-B Out: CS-ACNS (NPA 2012-19, expected Q2 2013)
(AC20-165A (Nov 2012))
• ADS-B In: CRI (Certification Review Item), Tbd EASA Certification Memo
(AC20-172A (Mar 2012))
• Mode S & CS-ACNS (NPA 2012-19, expected Q2 2013), JAA TGL13 Rev1 (June
2003),
ACAS II AMC20-13 (Dec 2006)
(AC20-131A, AC20-151A)

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 ADS-B Out Required Data items
Parameter 1207/2011(Draft CS-ACNS) AMC 20-24 §91.227 (AC20-165A)
ICAO 24 bit address Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory
Aircraft identification Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory
Mode A code (incl. disabling function) Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory
Special position indication (SPI or IDENT) Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory
Emergency status (incl. emgy indication) Mandatory Mandatory* Mandatory
Barometric Pressure altitude (incl NICbaro) Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory
ADS-B version number Mandatory, ≥ 2 Mandatory Mandatory, ≥ 2
Horizontal position (incl. NIC, NACp, SDA & SIL) Mandatory Mandatory* Mandatory
Horizontal Velocity (E/W,N/S & Hdg/Trk gnd, HRD, NACv) Mandatory Recommended Mandatory
Geometric Altitude (HAE) (incl. GVA) Mandatory - Mandatory
ADS-B Emitter category Mandatory - Mandatory
Aircraft length and width Mandatory - Mandatory
GNSS antenna offset Mandatory - Recommended
Vertical rate (Hybrid, Baro, Baro-inertial or GNSS) Mandatory* - Recommended
Selected Altitude (MCP/FCU incl status) If available - Optional
Selected Heading - - Optional
Barometric pressure setting If available - -
ACAS traffic status (incl. RA active (TCAS II) etc) If available - If TCAS II installed
ACAS installed & operating RA capable (TCAS II) If available - If TCAS II installed
ADS-B In capability installed - - If installed
30 .
 Mode S Required Data items
Parameter ELS EHS
1207/2011 (Draft CS-ACNS) 1207/2011 (Draft CS-ACNS)

ICAO 24 bit address Mandatory Mandatory

Aircraft identification Mandatory Mandatory
Mode A code Mandatory Mandatory
Special position indication (SPI or IDENT) Mandatory Mandatory
Emergency status (incl. Mode A codes) Mandatory Mandatory
Barometric Pressure altitude Mandatory Mandatory
Level 2 SI Code capable Mandatory Mandatory
Flight Status (Air/Gnd) Mandatory Mandatory
Data link capability report (ACAS, Mode S, ES, SI,…) Mandatory Mandatory
ACAS traffic status (incl. RA active (TCAS II) etc) If TCAS II installed If TCAS II installed
Horizontal Velocity (Ground speed) - Mandatory
Vertical rate - Mandatory
Selected Altitude (MCP/FCU incl status) - Mandatory
Barometric pressure setting - Mandatory
Roll Angle - Mandatory
True Track Angle - Mandatory
Indicated Airspeed (IAS) or Mach - Mandatory
Magnetic Heading - Mandatory
Track Angle Rate (or true airspeed if “TAR” not available) - Mandatory
 Typical ADS-B/WAM Benefit cases
Non-Radar Airspace

• TMA around secondary airports with

increasing traffic (e.g. low-cost carriers)
• No Surveillance coverage
• Reduced efficiency (sub-optimal routing,
holdings etc.)
-> estimate 2-3 mins per a/c
-> enabling of PBN (Kos/Greece as a
pilot case)
• If there are predominant carriers, current
ADS-B technology could be used
• If there is mixed fleet, WAM could be an
alternative (typically higher cost than
ADS-B as it includes multiple stations
but still lower than radar)

32
 Typical ADS-B/WAM Benefit cases
Radar Airspace

● Future Radar decommissioning

● Cost avoidance (ADS-B/WAM cost is
significantly lower)
● Assessed with UK NATS (Mode
S radar replacement)
● WAM can be used now
● ADS-B requires the SPI IR
functionality (dates 2015-2017)
● Clause for ANSP efficiency
● IR 1207/2011 extension?
● Incentives (e.g. low-end)?

33
 ACAS X

User Surveillance
Advisories
Group Technology

Current TCAS II Active radar

Same as
users (large supplemented
current TCAS II
ACAS XA aircraft) with passive

Users of specific Procedure-specific

operations Active radar alerts for selected
(e.g., CSPO, supplemented aircraft, global
Formation Flights, with passive alerting against all
ACAS XO ASAS Operations) others

Reduced advisory
General aviation Passive only
set
ACAS XP

Vertical and
Potentially radar, horizontal
Unmanned aircraft
EO/IR, etc. advisories
ACAS XU
 EC Implementing Rule
Exemptions and Incentives

European Commission Single European Sky

Regulation (EU) 1207/2011 Surveillance Performance & Interoperability
Implementing Rule
(SPI IR)
Exemption provisions:
● Mode S EHS only (specific architectures)

Basic Regulation (EU)

216/2008
Generic exemption provisions:
● Article 14 para 4 and 5

INCENTIVES:
● At this stage not anticipated for AOC holders
35