Forms of Art

Forms of Art
Visual Performance Creative
Painting Theater Essay
Sculpture Music Poetry
Architecture Singing Story/narrative
Photography Dance Musical composition
Digital Art Acting
Film
VISUAL ARTS
Painting • application of pigments on a flat surface.

Photography • production of a two-dimensional image by capturing light reflected by the real image.

Sculpture • three-dimensional representation of an image.

Architecture • art and science of planning and designing structures such as buildings, bridges, and other
structures.

Installation • arrangement and installing materials in a specific site temporarily.

Mixed-media art • utilization of various art materials in creating an artwork.

Digital art • production of an image with the use of digital technology.

Film • audiovisual form of moving images.

Performance Arts

Music
• production of a series of sounds that
follows a rhythm or pattern.

Dance • a series of movements of the body that

follows a rhythm or pattern.

Theater
• presentation of events by live performers
before an audience.
CREATIVE ART

• any artistic written

Literature
work.

Music • written musical piece

composition
Arts of the Philippines
throughout Time

By Mr. Clades and

ベンタ先生
Pre-Colonial Art
Pre-Colonial Art

• Art in pre-colonial Philippines, unlike the

concept of art today, was integrated to the lives
of early Filipinos in terms of rituals,
celebrations, and other daily activities.
 Performance Art
• Cañao – animal sacrifice with dance and chants (from
CAR)
• Kashawing ritual – chants during rice planting and
harvesting (from Lake Lanao)
• Tagbanua rite – this is performed to bless the planting
of rice (from Palawan)
Musical Instruments
• Kudyapi – a three stringed guitar
• Kulintang – arranged gongs
• Gangsa – flat gong
• Agong – large gong
 Dance
• Pangalay – mimics the
movements of seabirds (from
the Tausūg people of Sulu)
• Man-manok – imitation of the
movements of predatory birds
(Bagobo)
 Dance

• Kadaliwas – shows movements of

monkeys (T’boli)
• Tinikling – movements of crane (tikling)
by flitting away from moving bamboos.
Carving and
sculpture • Bulul – human-shaped
carving (for guarding
the rice granary)

• Hagabi - a wooden
bench (Ifugao)
 • Okir – carvings on the house of the sultan

Carving (decorative art)

• Torogan – the traditional Maranao house of
the sultan
Sarimanok
• The legendary bird of the
Maranao people
• Depicted as a fowl with
colorful wings and
feathered tail, holding a
fish on its beak or talons.
• Said to be a symbol of
good fortune.
Crafts and pottery
• Palayok – used for
cooking
• Banga and Tapayan
– serves as food
and water
containers
Crafts and pottery
• Some jars were used for
burial purposes such as jars
found in Manunggul,
Palawan (Manunggul jar)
and in Maitum, Saranggani
(Maitum jars)
 Weaving
• Materials – cotton, abaca,
pineapple leaves, and usual
garments.
• Coloring pigment of textile – clay,
roots, and other parts of a plant.
Bodily adornment
 • Tattoos – used as body painting by early
Bodily Filipinos to show status, skill in battle,
adornment and to improve one’s attractiveness.
Art during the Spanish Colonial
Period
(1565 – 1898)
Architecture

• Reduccion – urban planning

during Spanish period
Architecture
The Baroque style was commonly
used for church design during the
colonial period.
San Agustin Church / Paoay Church
- a surviving Baroque-style church in Ilocos Norte
 Architecture

• Bahay na bato – made of

adobe, small stones, clay,
bricks, and wood; houses
during the Spanish period
adapted to the environment.
Santos / Religious Images
• Images were produced through painting,
sculpting, and engraving.
• Spanish Friars brought Western models for
local artists to copy
• Made of Ivory and Wood; the santo would
be based on classical and baroque models
Retablos - a frame or shelf enclosing decorated
panels or revered objects above and behind an altar
The San Sebastian
Church Retablo
Images of saints and interpretations of biblical narratives were
considered essential to worship.
Religious Processions with Carrozas
Paintings
Jose Dans’ Langit Lupa Impiyerno,
(1850)
Esteban Villanueva’s
Basi Revolt Paintings of
Ilocos, 1821

Paintings
Paintings

Damian Domingo (1796 – 1834) was the father of

Philippine painting. He established an art academy in
his residence in Tondo in 1821.
 • Jose Honorato Lozano (1815 or 1821-1885) is
best known as the pioneering practitioner of the
Paintings art form known as Letras y figuras (Letters and
Figures)
 • Lorenzo Guerrero – use of
chiaroscuro (Riverscape)
Paintings • Simon De La Rosa Flores –
Portrait of Quiazon family
Painting

• Filipino artists such as

Felix Resurreccion
Hidalgo and Juan Luna
went to art schools abroad
where they learned about
neoclassical, romantic, and
modern art styles.
Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho
by Felix Resureccion Hidalgo, 1884
Spoliarium
by Juan Luna, 1884
Theatre forms during the
Spanish Colonial Period

• The Spanish produced plays

about the lives of religious
persons and other stories in
cenaculos, zarzuelas, and
comedias.
Moro – moro
• a secular comedia; is about
Christians vs Muslims
Senakulo
• Passion Play during Lent; taken
from the biblical account of
Christ’s passion and death

Zarzuela
• an operetta including singing
and dancing interspersed with
prose dialogue
 • Pasyon or pabasa – a song narrating

Music
the suffering of Christ.
• Awit and corrido – secular musical
and literary form
 • Kundiman – serenade
Music • Balitao – lullaby, love
songs, and farming songs
 Dance
• Dance during this era has Spanish
influences as a result of deep contact
between Spain-Mexico and the
Philippines such as fandango,
cariñosa, polka, and tango.
(1898 – 1942)

ARTS DURING
AMERICAN
COLONIAL PERIOD
• The US set up new
institutions of government
and educational systems
to “Americanize” the
Filipinos
• Poems and stories from
books were dramatized in
classrooms to facilitate the
teaching of English
• The Americans zealously
taught English through an
efficient public school system.
Daniel Burnham
(1846 – 1912)
• commissioned by the American
government to create modern
plans for Manila and Baguio.
• employed Neoclassic
architecture for government
buildings integrated with parks
and lawns
National Museum
The building’s design is an
example of Neoclassical
Architecture
Manila Central Post Office
Leyte Provincial Capitol
Juan Arellano’s Metropolitan Theatre (1935)
• An example of
Art Deco
architecture in
the city
 Theater
• Broadway and West End
musicals become popular.
• Vaudeville, which originated
from France, became popular
in the 1920s
• It exhibited songs, dances,
stories, circus acts, magic,
acrobatics, and comedy.
Painting
• Fabian de la Rosa (left)
(1869 – 1937)
• Fernando Amorsolo
(right) (1892 – 1972)
Painting Planting Rice (by Amorsolo, left) and Women in the
rice field (by Dela Rosa, right)
De la Rosa’s El Kundiman (1930)
Amorsolo’s
Man with Cockerel
(1939)
Amorsolo’s Ligawan (1963)
Amorsolo’s illustration for
Ginebra San Miguel
 Guillermo Tolentino
(1890 – 1976)

• Studied Fine Arts in Rome

and is credited for the
Oblation (1935) and the
Bonifacio Monument
(1933)
• He was proclaimed as
National Artist in 1973
Bonifacio
Monument (1933)
ARTS DURING the Japanese
Colonial Period
(1942 to 1945)
Japanese
Conquests as
of 1942
 Painting
• Some artists depicted the
effect of war in a neutral
manner due to restrictions
by the Japanese.
• Usual paintings were about
peace and the normal
functioning of Filipino
society.
 Painting

Harvesting Rice (Amorsolo) Planting Rice (Amorsolo)

Bombing of Intendencia
(Amorsolo)
Market Scene by Fernando Amorsolo
Defend thy Honor (1945) by
Fernando Amorsolo
 • Arts were used as propaganda of the Japanese
Performance art especially in literature and music (Liwayway
and literature magazine and “Ang Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong
Pilipinas” by Felipe de Leon)
ARTS of the
POSTWAR
REPUBLIC
(1946 – 1969)
Painting
• Modern art style was on
its height.
• This was when artists
explored neo-realism,
abstraction, cubism, and
other modern art styles.
 ARTS OF POSTWAR REPUBLIC
Painting

Women Bathing by a Waterfall by V.

Edades
Brown Madonna Progress of medicine in the Philippines
by Carlos “Botong” Francisco)
by Galo Ocampo
 ARTS OF POSTWAR REPUBLIC

Man and a Woman

Planting Rice
by Cesar Legaspi
by Vicente Manansala
Cityscape two
by Hernando Ocampo
Architecture
• Modern architectural
designs were used such as
on the Church of Holy
Sacrifice in Diliman
Sculpture
Napoleon Abueva – pioneered modern sculpture (neorealism)
Kaganapan (right) and Dambana ng Kagitingan (center)
Performance art

• Anak Dalita by
Lamberto Avellana is a
story about veteran.
• Sisa by Gerardo De
Leon is about colonial
romance
 MARTIAL
 Neil Doloricon – Welga
LAW ERA
70s TO
Contemporary
 Architecture
• Modern architecture (symbolizes
progression, beauty, and wealth).
• Tropical architectural design (the
use of traditional materials to fit
in the environment) such as
Coconut palace by Francisco
Manosa).
 • Founded in 1966 to
implement art
acquisitions,
exhibitions, workshops,
and awards
• The Tanghalang
Pambansa (pictured)
was designed by
Leandro Locsin.
The Cultural Center of the
Philippines
Coconut Palace / Tahanang Pilipino
-Francisco Mañosa (1978)
 Performance Art
• Establishment of institutions for
strengthening Filipino involvement on
film
• Creation of Manila International Film
Festival (1982).
• Disco dance and music became one of
the popular dances among the people.
 Painting and sculpture
• Social realism was on
its height although a
few artists continued to
work with normal
scenes so that their
artworks will be
acceptable by the
government.
Krista by Pablo Baen Santos Second Joyful Mystery by Ofelia
Tequi
CONTEMPORARY
ART IN THE
PHILIPPINES
ART FORMS DESCRIPTION
Painting Mixed media, multimedia, social
Sculpture art
Architecture High-rise, postmodern
Music Multimedia, pop music
Dance Pop dance, modern dance

Theatre Social realism, street play

Social Realism
• A form of protest art that is critical of
the social, economic, and racial
conditions that made life challenging
for the working classes and poor.

• It is conscious of its regard for the

oppressed and underrepresented
masses.
Some ART FORMS
from THE Regions
 ART FORMS IN Northern LUZON
Architecture
• Baroque Churches like Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte
 ART FORMS IN NoRTHERn LUZON
Music
• Tribal musical instruments

Gangsa Kalaleng (nose flute)

ART FORMS IN SOUTHERN LUZON
Painting

First Mass at Limasawa by Bayanihan by Carlos Francisco

Carlos Francisco
ART FORMS IN SOUTHERN LUZON
Sculpture

Paete sculptures Taka or Papier Mache

 ART FORMS IN VISAYAS
• Dance

Sinulog Dance Ati-atihan Dance

 ART FORMS IN VISAYAS
• Literature and Theater

Balac or ismayling was about the love Hadi-hadi or the Visayan Zarzuela usually
between a man and a woman focused about conflict between Christians and
Moros
 ART FORMS IN MINDANAO
• Maranao art: architecture and textile

Okir in Torogan T’nalak weaving

 ART FORMS IN MINDANAO
• Musical instruments

Kulintang Dabakan