Rizal & Popular

Nationalism

Densing | Dosdos

Ong | Wahing
 Bernardo Carpio:
Awit and Revolution

The similarities between our songs and nationalism

Summary:
Historia Famosa ni Bernardo Carpio
– The King & Queen of Spain pass away, leaving the kingdom to their two children
– Alfonso
– Jimena
– Don Sancho rules the kingdom until Alfonso is of age for the throne, while Don
Rubio is captain of the army
– Jimena grows into a beautiful lady whose radiance touches everyone’s loob
(inner being), including Don Sancho and Rubio
– Both men court Jimena, but Jimena falls for Dan Sancho and bears a son
Summary:
Historia Famosa ni Bernardo Carpio
– Don Rubio finds out of their courtship and tells Alfonso, who imprisons Don Sancho (and
gouges out his eyeballs) and sends Jimena to a monastery
– Don Rubio then becomes the father of the bastard (Bernardo)
– Bernardo later gets adopted by Alfonso and is knighted, using this to find the true identities
of his parents
– Bernardo is given difficult quests by the king for the identities of his parents
– But Alfonso doesn’t comply by giving the French his throne while he is away
– Bernardo takes things into his own hands by breaking the ties of Spain and France by force
and invading the tower his father was kept
– Bernardo weds his parents in the castle, with his father ‘passing away’ shortly after
Themes:
Historia Famosa ni Bernardo Carpio
– Shows a hero with a lost past and hopes of liberation from Spanish rule
– Uses meaningfully-structured events that will be used by nationalists to convey
their political ideas to the masses
– The awit uses damay to stimulate the feelings of the audience
damay – empathy, participation
Themes:
Historia Famosa ni Bernardo Carpio

Events from the Awit Theme Events Convey

Sancho’s expression of love to Jimena Hardships for love (love worth dying for)
Alfonso’s reaction to Sancho & Jimena’s
No utang ng loob
relationship
Bernardo’s separation from his birth
No parental love and guidance
parents
Bernardo’s quest to find his parents The search for one’s identity
Awit and Revolution:
Andres Bonifacio

Awit’s Characters & Settings Bonifacio’s Revised Characters &

Settings
King Alfonso Spain
Don Sancho & Jimena Filipinas
Don Rubio Friars
Bernardo Carpio The youth of the land
Mountain where Carpio was imprisoned KKK refuge
Rizal and the Underside of
Philippine History
Summary: The Hispanization of the
Philippines (by John Phelan)
– Filipino were no longer a passive recipients of Spanish Cultural stimuli
– Phelan and other non-Filipino Historians before the late 1960s failed to use
indigenous source materials
“The people forgot their native alphabet,
their songs, their poetry, their past, all faith
in their present, and all hope for the future”

– Jose Rizal
The Fall of Illustrado Conciousness

– Only the advent of Rizal and other Ilustrados, is there supposed to be a clear
understanding of the causes of dissatisfaction
The Fall of Illustrado Conciousness

President Emilio Aguinaldo Diego Silang

The Fall of Illustrado Conciousness

Jose Rizal Apolinario Dela Cruz

The Power of King Bernardo
The Underside of Hispanization
A Hispanic model came to prevail….
……………..different levels of power and social hierarchy
The Pasyon Interface
– One striking feature of Philippine uprising is that the leaders claimed to be Jesus
Christ or various representatives of God
The Textualization of Rizal

Rizal and the underside of Philippine history

Identity of Rizal:
Who is Rizal?
Identity of Rizal:
Filipino Christ
Bernardo Carpio
National Hero
 1887 1888 1892 1896
Rizal’s first return Manifestations of The second return Execution of
from Europe 1888 of Rizal to the Jose Rizal
Philippines
Ophthalmic Rizal went back to Start of Revolution
Surgery Europe The start of
La Solidaridad and
La Liga Filipina

Initiation of the
‘Armed Struggle’
phase by Bonifacio
The Meaning of Death
Rizal and the underside of Philippine history
Death of the National Hero,
Jose Rizal : “Consummatum Est!”
December 30, 1896
The start of the Revolution
Summary:
Textualization of Jose Rizal
“The problem of Rizal’s status as national hero follows from the context in which
the nineteenth-century Philippine history has been constructed. Ironically, notions
of evolution and rationality from the nineteenth century itself are responsible for
excluding from this history the ‘repetitious’ and ‘false’ or ‘mythical’ aspects of
reality. The pervading discourse of subjectivity hassled to a preoccupation with
Rizal’s intentions, the authentic voice behind his texts.”
Summary:
The Meaning of Death
“Dying is not an extinction of self but a passage into a state of pure, brilliant
potency. It is a passage to the depths of the earth, to the center of the world,
where potency is supremely concentrated.”
Writer, Hero, Myth,
and Spirit:

The changing images of Jose Rizal

Smita Lahiri, Phd.
Department of Anthropology
Cornell University
 WRITER

HERO

MYTH

SPIRIT
Jose Rizal
 Rizal the Writer

EL FILIBUSTIRISMO NOLI ME TANGERE

Rizal the Hero
– Nationalist and patriotic
– Use of literature aside from physical action
– Depicting “frailocracy”
Rizal the Myth
– He came to be viewed in popular imagination as a Filipino Christ.
– “Rizalista” was mushroomed in 20th century in Philippines
– He was endowed with transformation of physical form, invincibility to bullets
and healing power
– Rizal Veneration
– Rizal’s death had done more than during his life’s work
– In 1997, rizalista had been declined, disorder to get young followers
Rizal the Healer
– Mystical encounter with divine spirits – amang doctor (father-doctor)
– Handsome young man with the wave of hair over his forehead : amang doctor
Jose Rizal, 33 year old person
– Relationship between the Myth and healer is ambiguous
– Amang doctor is also a quasi – divine dispenser
– Mamang rose – encountered amang doctor and made a church in mt. banahaw
– Followers wear white, not allowed to eat meat, spent 6-8 hours of kneeling,
singing and worshipping
Amang Doktor Meets Rizal
– Brother Art pointing out the “anti-Foreigner tirade” that voices out the message
of Rizal’s writings
– Counterpart from mama rose
– Mixed races comes together - albularyo