TOPICS

1.SENSORS
2.DIFFERENT TYPES OF SENSORS USED IN IOT
(INTERNET OF THINGS)
3.WORKING OF SENSORS IN IOT (INTERNET OF
THINGS)
4.ACTUATORS
5.IMPORTANCE OF ACTUATORS
6.TYPES OF ACTUATORS AND ITS WORKING
SENSORS
• WHAT IS SENSORS?

A SENSOR IS A DEVICE, MODULE, MACHINE, OR SUBSYSTEM WHOSE PURPOSE IS

TO DETECT EVENTS OR CHANGES IN ITS ENVIRONMENT AND SEND THE
INFORMATION TO OTHER ELECTRONICS, FREQUENTLY A COMPUTER PROCESSOR.
A SENSOR IS ALWAYS USED WITH OTHER ELECTRONICS.

SENSOR IS AN INPUT DEVICE WHICH PROVIDES OUTPUT WITH RESPECT TO THE

SPECIFIC INPUT.
IOT INNOVATION MADE IT POSSIBLE TO CONNECT EVERYDAY THINGS TO THE INTERNET.
NOWADAYS, ALMOST ALL ENTITIES, SUCH AS HOUSES, OFFICE BUILDINGS, FACTORIES,
AND EVEN CITIES ARE CONNECTED TO THE NETWORK TO COLLECT DATA AND UTILIZE THE
INFORMATION FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES.

SENSORS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN CREATING SOLUTIONS USING IOT. SENSORS MADE

IT POSSIBLE TO COLLECT DATA IN MOST ANY SITUATION AND ARE NOW USED IN VARIOUS
FIELDS - MEDICAL CARE, NURSING CARE, INDUSTRIAL, LOGISTICS, TRANSPORTATION,
AGRICULTURE, DISASTER PREVENTION, TOURISM, REGIONAL BUSINESSES AND MANY
MORE.
WITH THE EXPANSION OF THE FIELDS IN WHICH SENSORS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE, THE
MARKET IS STILL GROWING WITH A VARIETY OF SENSORS.
• HOW DO SENSORS COLLECTS DATA?

SENSORS ARE CONNECTED THROUGH GATEWAYS, WHICH ENABLE

THEM TO RELAY THE COLLECTED DATA TO A SERVER IN THE
CLOUD. FROM THERE, THE INFORMATION IS TRANSMITTED TO
YOUR COMPUTER OR CELL PHONE SO YOU HAVE INSTANT ACCESS
TO ALL MONITORED ACTIVITIES TAKING PLACE.
 
 
DIFFERENT KIND OF SENSORS IN IOT

 1)TEMPERATURE SENSOR
 2) PROXIMITY SENSOR
 3) PRESSURE SENSOR
 4) WATER QUALITY SENSOR
 5) CHEMICAL/SMOKE & GAS SENSOR
 6) LEVEL SENSOR
 7) IR SENSOR
 8) ULTRASONIC SENSOR
1) TEMPERATURE SENSOR

A TEMPERATURE SENSOR IS A DEVICE WHICH IS USED TO MEASURE HEAT OR

TEMPERATURE ON THE OPERATING MACHINE PART. TEMPERATURE SENSING IS
PERFORMED BY GADGET CALLED THERMOCOUPLE. A THERMOCOUPLE IS A
TEMPERATURE-MEASURING DEVICE CONSISTING OF TWO DISSIMILAR CONDUCTORS
THAT CONTACT EACH OTHER AT ONE OR MORE POINTS. IT PRODUCES A VOLTAGE
WHEN THE TEMPERATURE OF ONE OF THE POINTS DIFFERS FROM THE REFERENCE
TEMPERATURE AT OTHER PARTS OF THE CIRCUIT.
2) PROXIMITY SENSOR

PROXIMITY SENSOR IS USING TO DETECT THE MOTION AND VERY COMMON TO USE
IN RETAIL SHOP, THROUGH THIS DEVICE RETAILER WILL USE CUSTOMER’S
PROXIMITY TO ANY PRODUCT AND SAME TIME THEY CAN SENT THE COUPONS AND
DEALS TO THE CUSTOMER’S MOBILE OR ON EMAIL. NOW A DAYS PROXIMITY
SENSOR ARE USING TO CHECK THE AVAILABILITY OR FREE SPACES LIKE PARKING
SPACE, SITTING SPACES IN SPORTS STADIUM, MALL AND AIRPORTS.
3) PRESSURE SENSOR

A PRESSURE SENSOR IS A GADGET EQUIPPED WITH A PRESSURE-SENSITIVE

ELEMENT THAT’S USED TO MEASURE THE PRESSURE OF A LIQUID OR A GAS
AGAINST A DIAPHRAGM MADE OF SILICON, STAINLESS STEEL, ETC., AND CONVERTS
THE MEASURED VALUE INTO AN ELECTRICAL SIGNAL AS AN OUTPUT. IT’S ALSO USE
TO MEASURE THE WATER FLOW THROUGH PIPES OR TANK AND NOTIFY THE
CONCERN PERSON WHEN SOMETHING NEED TO BE FIXED. NOW A DAYS PRESSURE
SENSOR IS USED IN AIRCRAFT AND VEHICLES TO DETERMINE THE ALTITUDE AND
FORCE, CONTINUOUSLY.
4) WATER QUALITY SENSOR

WATER QUALITY SENSOR ARE MAINLY USED TO MEASURE A DOZEN OF THE MOST
RELEVANT WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS, WASP-MOTE SMART WATER IS THE FIRST
WATER QUALITY-SENSING PLATFORM TO FEATURE AUTONOMOUS NODES THAT
CONNECT TO THE CLOUD FOR REAL-TIME WATER CONTROL. IT’S USED TO MEASURE
QUALITY OF SEA WATER, RIVER WATER AND ETC.
5) CHEMICAL/SMOKE AND GAS SENSOR

SMOKE AND GAS DETECTOR IS A GADGET THAT SENSE GAS, SMOKE AND TYPICALLY
IT’S AN INDICATOR OF FIRE. NOW A DAYS ALL SECURITY DEVICES USING THIS
SENSOR TO PASSING SIGNAL TO FIRE ALARM TO CONTROL PANEL. HOUSEHOLD
SMOKE DETECTOR IS ALSO KNOWN AS SMOKE ALARM, MOST OF THE DEVICE
MANUFACTURER USING AUDIBLE OR VISUAL ALARM SYSTEM IN SECURITY DEVICES
THAT DETECT AUTOMATICALLY.
6) LEVEL SENSOR

IT’S USED TO DETECT THE LEVEL OF LIQUIDS AND OTHER FLUIDS AND FLUIDIZED
SOLIDS, INCLUDING GRANULAR MATERIALS, SLURRIES AND POWDERS THAT EXHIBIT
AN UPPER FREE SURFACE. LEVEL SENSORS IS ALSO USING FOR WATER WASTE
MANAGEMENT AND RECYCLING PURPOSE, LIKE IT’S USING TO MEASURE WATER
TANK LEVELS, PETROL FUEL GAUGING, HIGH OR LOW LEVEL ALARM, LIQUID ASSETS
INVENTORY AND IRRIGATION CONTROL.
7) IR SENSOR

THIS SMART GADGET IS USED TO DETECT THE INFRARED LIGHTS. INFRARED

SENSOR VISUALIZE THE HEAT LEAKS IN HOUSES, IDENTIFY ENVIRONMENTAL
CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT, AND HELPING DOCTOR TO MEASURE PATIENT
BLOOD FLOW. IT CAN BE INTEGRATED WITH WEARABLE ELECTRONICS. A VERY
SIMPLE EXAMPLE, ALL THE REMOTES HAVING IR SENSOR, IT’S USING TO PASS THE
COMMAND TO RESPECTIVE DEVICES, LIKE TV REMOTE, FAN REMOTE, VEHICLE KEY
REMOTE ALL HAVING INFRARED SENSOR.
8) ULTRASONIC SENSOR

AN ULTRASONIC SENSOR IS USED TO MEASURE THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE TWO

OBJECT BY USING SOUND WAVES. IT’S MEASURE DISTANCE BY SENDING SOUND WAVE AT
A SPECIFIC FREQUENCY AND LISTEN THAT SOUND WAVE HOUSE TO MEASURE DISTANCE.
THERE ARE TWO KIND OF AN ULTRASONIC SENSOR IS, “ACTIVE ULTRASONIC SENSOR”
AND “PASSIVE ULTRASONIC SENSORS”. AN ACTIVE ULTRASONIC SENSORS GENERATES
THE HIGH FREQUENCY SOUND WAVE TO RECEIVE BACK THE ULTRASONIC SENSOR FOR
EVALUATING THE ECHO. BUT, PASSIVE ULTRASONIC SENSORS ARE JUST USED FOR
DETECTING ULTRASONIC NOISE WHICH IS PRESENT UNDER SPECIFIC CONDITIONS.
ACTUATORS
WHAT IS AN ACTUATOR?

AN ACTUATOR IS SOMETHING THAT CONVERTS ENERGY INTO MOTION .

IT IS A MECHANICAL DEVICE FOR MOVING OR CONTROLLING A MECHANISM OR
SYSTEM .
IT IS OPERATED BY SOURCE OF ENERGY, USUALLY IN THE FORM OF AN ELECTRIC
CURRENT, HYDRAULIC FLUID PRESSURE OR PNEUMATIC PRESSURE, AND CONVERTS
THAT ENERGY INTO SOME KIND OF MOTION .
IMPORTANCE OF ACTUATORS
ACTUATORS CAN CREATE LINEAR, OSCILLATORY OR ROTATORY MOTION BASED ON HOW
THEY ARE DESIGNED. IN THE SCHEME OF INTERNET OF THINGS, ACTUATORS ARE USED
WHENEVER THERE IS A NEED TO SWITCH ON/OFF ANOTHER DEVICE OR EQUIPMENT BY
APPLYING A FORCE.

ACTUATORS ARE SO IMPORTANT TO THE INTERNET OF THINGS BECAUSE THEY FORM AN

INTEGRAL PART OF MANY DIFFERENT PIECES OF EQUIPMENT, BOTH IN THE HOME AND OUT
OF IT. WITHOUT ACTUATORS, THE INTERNET OF THINGS WOULD BE UNABLE TO MAKE THE
NEEDED CHANGES ON ITS OWN, THUS WOULD BE REDUCED TO SIMPLY CONTROLLING AND
INTERACTING WITH VARIOUS DEVICES. THE INTERNET OF THINGS IS DEPENDENT ON
ELECTRIC ACTUATORS TO ACHIEVE MOVEMENT. ACTUATORS ARE ALSO A GOOD WAY OF
EXPANDING THE INTERNET OF THINGS IN THEIR OWN RIGHT, AS THEY ENABLE US TO MAKE
CHANGES REMOTELY, AND HELP COMMUNICATION OVER GREATER DISTANCES.
Actuators are used in homes for positioning seats, doors, gates, and
in any hydraulic valves. For those with gardens and turfs, the actuator
is used to make the lawnmower comfortable, in cleaning machines,
dump bed, deck lifts, in transmission shift, and position brushes and
squeegees. For those who have installed solar panels, actuators can
position them in the daytime and return them to resting time at night.
WORKING OF ACTUATORS

WE’VE TALKED ABOUT WHAT IS AN ACTUATOR, BUT WE HAVEN’T DISCUSSED HOW, OR WHAT
MAKES IT MOVE.
ACTUATORS RECEIVE A SOURCE OF ENERGY AND USE IT TO MOVE SOMETHING. TO PUT IT ANOTHER
WAY, THE ACTUATOR CONVERTS A SOURCE OF ENERGY INTO A PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL MOTION.

AN ACTUATOR IS A MOTOR THAT CONVERTS ENERGY INTO TORQUE WHICH THEN MOVES OR
CONTROLS A MECHANISM OR A SYSTEM INTO WHICH IT HAS BEEN INCORPORATED.
IT CAN INTRODUCE MOTION AS WELL AS PREVENT IT. AN ACTUATOR TYPICALLY RUNS ON ELECTRIC
OR PRESSURE (SUCH AS HYDRAULIC OR PNEUMATIC).
THE CONTROL SYSTEM CAN BE CONTROLLED MECHANICALLY OR ELECTRONICALLY, SOFTWARE
DRIVEN, OR HUMAN OPERATED.
TYPES OF ACTUATORS
– ELECTRIC MOTORS
– HYDRAULIC MOTORS
– PNEUMATIC CONTROL VALVES
ELECTRIC MOTOR ACTUATORS:-

AN ELECTRIC ACTUATOR IS A MECHANICAL DEVICE USED TO CONVERT

ELECTRICITY INTO KINETIC ENERGY IN EITHER A SINGLE LINEAR OR
ROTARY MOTION. IT AUTOMATES DAMPER OR VALVE IN ORDER TO
INCREASE PROCESS EFFICIENCY AND COMPLEXITY. DESIGNS FOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATORS ARE BASED ON THE SPECIFIC TASKS THEY
ACCOMPLISH WITHIN THE PROCESSES FOR WHICH THEY’RE INTENDED, AND
THEY CAN VARY IN BOTH DIMENSION AND SIZE.
HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS:-
HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR IS THE TYPE OF ACTUATOR THAT UTILIZES THE HYDRAULIC
PRESSURE AS INPUT IN ORDER TO PROVIDE EXCITATION TO THE PLANT
(CONTROLLED PROCESS) OF THE CONTROL SYSTEM. THE CONTROLLER PROVIDES
THE CONTROL SIGNAL TO THE ACTUATOR THAT HYDRAULICALLY APPLIES THE
EQUIVALENT SIGNAL TO THE PLANT IN ORDER TO HAVE THE DESIRED OUTPUT IN
CONTROLLED OPERATIONS.
PNEUMATIC ACTUATORS:-

PNEUMATIC ACTUATORS GENERATE OPERATING ENERGY THROUGH THE

EFFICIENT USE OF COMPRESSED AIR. THE INSTRUMENT AIR BUILDS UP
FORCE OR PRESSURE WHICH APPLIES AGAINST THE DIAPHRAGM OR
PISTON. THIS THEN MOVES THE VALVE ACTUATOR TO POSITION ON THE
VALVE STEM AND THE RESULT IS MECHANICAL MOTION.
THANKYOU