RECOGNIZE DIFFERENT TYPES OF GRAPHS AND TABLES

LINE GRAPHS PIE CHARTS

BAR CHARTS TABLES

 PARAPHRASING THE INTRODUCTION

1. Change introductory expressions:

The graph/chart/table/diagram
Attention with word compare! You can say:
gives information about/on
provides information about/on • compares PLACES in terms of WHAT 
shows The charts compare two cities in terms of the
number of employed people.
illustrates
represents • compares WHAT in year1 and year2 
The graph compares the population in 2000
highlights … and 2013.
gives reason why (only if graph provides
reasons for smth)
explains why (only if graph provides
explanation for smth)
compares (only if several items are
compared)
 PARAPHRASING THE INTRODUCTION
1. Change introductory expressions:
a. Rewrite a phrase by using the word HOW.
 PARAPHRASING THE INTRODUCTION
1. Change introductory expressions:
Practice:
 PARAPHRASING THE INTRODUCTION
1. Change introductory expressions:
a. Rewrite a phrase by using the word HOW.
Using ‘how much’ or the ‘amount of’ instead of ‘how many’ or ‘the
number of’
Practice:
 PARAPHRASING THE INTRODUCTION

1. Change introductory expressions:

b. You can rewrite a phrase by using synonyms:

• number of = quantity of (not interchangeable with amount of)

• spending = expenditure • share = portion

• rate = percentage of • place = site
• ratio = proportion
• information = data
 PARAPHRASING THE INTRODUCTION
2. Time periods
IN 1999/ ….. the 20th century/ ... .. the first ten years, there was a significant
……
increase in production.
FOR
… the first six months/ …. twenty years, the number of employees remained the same.
DURING
…. the first six months/ …. the first half of this century/ … the remainder of the year,
production was slowing down, while imports increased.
FROM TO November/ ….. 1950 ….. 1960, there was no change in energy use.
…….. August …..
BETWEEN TO
….. 1950 …. 1960, there was no change in the rate of fuel consumption.
BEFORE AFTER
…. 1960, the number remained small, but ………..1965, there was a sudden increase.
AROUND/ ABOUT
…. 1980, there was a change in the number of female part-time employees.
 PARAPHRASING THE INTRODUCTION
2. Time periods
By the late 19th century, the rural workforce had declined significant.
At the end of the last century, there was a sharp increase in manufacturing.
Since the 19th century, there has been a steady decline.
Other useful expressions are:
• (in) the period from …. to …. • over a ten-year period
• (in) the period between …. and …. • throughout the 19th century
• in the first/last three months of the year • from that time on
• over the period from …. to …. • after that
• over the next years/ decades/ • then
quarter of a century etc. • in the 1980s
 PARAPHRASING THE INTRODUCTION
2. Time periods
• from 1985 to 1995 = between 1985 and 1995
• in 1985 = in the year 1985
• in 1985 and 1995 = in 1985 and 1995 respectively = in the years
1985 and 1995
Write the introduction for these graphs: