Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Types of projects
•Software
development.
• Restructuring plan
of the company,
including the
introduction of a
system of financial Technical
planning and projects Organizational
budgeting, projects
development and
implementation of
•Reorganizing or
special software
creating a new
Types of projects company;
• Implementation of a
Mixed
projects
by area new system of
management;
• Execution of an
international conference
or exhibition.
Economical
projects
•Reform of welfare;
• Social protection of
Social
helpless population; projects
•Introduction of a
•Overcoming the
new taxation system.
effects of natural and
social disasters.
2
Project Selection
Project selection is the process of evaluating
individual projects or groups of projects, and then
choosing to implement so that the objectives of the
parent organization will be achieved.
Project Selection
Screening models help managers pick
winners
from a pool of projects. Numeric or
nonnumeric models should have:
Realism
Flexibility
Ease of use
Cost effectiveness
Easy Computerization
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-4
Publishing as Prentice Hall
Project Selection
Realism an effective model must reflect organizational
objectives, including a firm strategic goals and mission.
• Non-numeric Models
• The Sacred Cow
• Operating Necessity
• The competitive necessity
• Product line extension
• Competitive benefit model
• Numeric Models: profit/profitability
• Payback period
• Internal Rate of return
• Net present Value
Non-numeric Models
Sacred Cow - project is suggested by a senior and powerful
official in the organization
Operating Necessity - the project is required to keep the system
running
Competitive Necessity - project is necessary to sustain a
competitive position
Product Line Extension - projects are judged on how they fit with
current product line, fill a gap, strengthen a weak link, or extend
the line in a new desirable way.
Comparative Benefit Model - several projects are considered
and the one with the most benefit to the firm is selected
Financial/Numeric models
Based on the time value of money principal
• Payback period
• Net present value
• Internal rate of return
t
ACF Higher IRR values are
IO
n1 (1 IRR)t
t
better!
where
ACFt = annual after tax cash flow for time period t
IO = initial cash outlay
n = project's expected life
IRR = the project's internal rate of return
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-14
Publishing as Prentice Hall
Internal Rate of Return Example
A project that costs $40,000 will generate cash flows of
$14,000 for the next four years. You have a rate of return
requirement of 17%; does this project meet the
threshold?
Year Net flow Discount NPV
0 -$40,000 1.0000 -$40,000.00
1 $14,000 0.9009 $12,173.91
2 $14,000 0.8116 $10,586.01
3 $14,000 0.7312 $9,205.23
4 $14,000 0.6587 $8,004.55
-$30.30