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MODULE 1:

INTRODUCTION TO
COMMUNICATION

By:

Ms. Ezrah M. Cruz

 LEARNING
OUTCOMES By the end of this topic, you should be able to:

1. Explain what is meant by the word “communication”

in general;

2. Identify the main elements in the communication

process;

3. Recognize the factors affecting communication.

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 01
Communication

Communication is defined as the

act of giving, receiving or
exchanging information, ideas and
opinions so that the message is
completely understood by both
parties.

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02
Elements of Communication
 MAJOR ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION

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 sender

- The sender is the person who is trying to communicate a

message.

- The sender wants the other person to receive and

understand his/her message. The intent of the
message is usually to get the other person(s) to do
or understand something.

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 receiver

- The receiver is the recipient of the

message and must translate the words
into thoughts, process the thoughts, and
determine how to respond to the
sender.

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 message
- While you may carefully choose the words to
speak, words alone represent a small percentage of
what is received by the other person. In fact,
according to the literature, words carry the least
value in the message.

- An effective message is one where there is

congruency, or agreement, between the words,
meaning, and emotion. Body language and voice
inflection are essential in achieving congruency.

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 channel

- Channel is the medium used by the sender to send

the message to the receiver. This may be in-person,
via telephone, e-mail, text message, written
correspondence or a third-party.

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 atmosphere/noise

- Noise refers to interference that takes place

during the communication process. Both the
sender and receiver may be distracted by
noise. Noise may come from internal
(thoughts, emotions, etc.) or external sources
(radios, other conversations, etc.).

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 feedback

- Feedback is the process of determining if the

message has been properly received. This can be
initiated by the sender or receiver.

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 Feedback may occur in four ways.

1. Paraphrasing is reciting back what the other person said in your own
words.

2. Summarizing. This involves making a brief statement of the key

points and feelings expressed by the other person

3. Reflect the feelings. The focus is not so much on the message as the
emotions behind the message. This is often an effective way to reflect
empathy.

4. Reflect meaning. The focus of this type of feedback is to identify the

meaning being expressed by the other person. On occasion, a person
says one thing, but it carries a different meaning.

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 context

Context is another way of taking into consideration the

setting. Examples of context include:

-What is going through the other person’s mind when

you show up?
-What is the environment like? Is it noisy? -What
cultural factors should be considered?

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04
COMMUNICATION
BARRIERS
 status/role
The sender and receiver of a message may be of
equal status within a hierarchy or they may be at
different levels.

Cultural differences, both within or outside the

organization may impede the communication
process.

cultural differences
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 choice of
communication
channel
Sending messages via inappropriate channels can
send out wrong signals and end up creating
confusion.

Is the message too long or too brief? You need to

be sure that it serves the purpose and is appropriate
for the receiver.

length of communication
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 language barrier
Poor choice of words or weak sentence structure
also hampers communication. The same goes for
inappropriate punctuation in written
communication

Disabilities such as impaired sight, dyslexia and poor

mental health can also be barriers to good
communication, and should be taken into
consideration when evaluating the effectiveness of the
communication process.

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disability 18
 individual perceptions

Sometimes, the method of communication needs to

take into consideration the receiver’s personality
traits, age and preferred style. The elderly and
children, for example, have different communication
needs and preferences when compared to young
adults.

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 Ask yourself these
questions:
• Who? -
Characteristics of the
receiver(s).

• What? - Content of • Where? - Location • When? - Timing/time

the message. of the meeting. limit/expected response
time.

• Why?- Purpose of the • How? - Oral, written,

communication. visual or a combination
of all three.
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 activity
• In an online school setting, apply the elements of communication.
• Also, find out what are the barriers you encounter along the way and
look for solutions to solve these difficulties.

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 05summary
• This topic highlights the importance of
communication, its meaning, and the relationship
between the message, sender and receiver.
• Communication is defined as the giving, receiving
or exchanging of information, opinions or ideas so • Barriers to effective communication
that the message is completely understood by include status and roles, cultural
everybody involved. differences, choice of communication
• A two-way process, communication comprises the channel, length of communication,
following elements ă the sender, message, channel, disabilities, use of language, individual
receiver, feedback, and context. perceptions, noise and distraction, clarity
of message, and feedback.

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