Some Basic Concepts Of Chemistry

Introduction:

Chemistry deals with the composition, structure and properties of matter. Hence it is known
as the science of atoms and molecules.

Importance of Chemistry:
Chemical principles are important in diverse areas, such as: weather patterns, functioning of
brain and operation of a computer.

Chemical industries manufacturing various chemical contribute to the nation’s economy.

Pharmaceuticals: cisplatin, taxol - cancer therapy, azidothymidine - AIDS patients etc.

Nature of Matter:
● Matter is defined as anything that has mass and occupies space.

● Matter exists in three physical states - solids, liquids, gases

States of Matter
Classification of Matter
Mixture - A mixture consists of two or more
components present in it in any ratio.

Homogeneous mixture - In homogeneous

mixtures the components mix thoroughly and the
composition is uniform throughout.

Heterogeneous mixture - In heterogeneous

mixtures, the components do not mix thoroughly
and the composition is not uniform throughout.

The components of a mixture can be separated by

using physical methods such as simple hand
picking, filtration, crystallisation, distillation, etc.
Classification of Matter

Pure substances - Pure substances have fixed

composition of the components and these
components cannot be separated by simple
physical methods.

Elements - An element consists of only one type

of particles. These particles may be atoms or
molecules.

● Some elements contain atoms of the same

kind. Eg - Sodium, Copper etc.
● Some elements contain two or more atoms
combining to give molecules of the element.
Eg - Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen gases
consists of molecules n which two atoms
have combined.
Classification of Matter
Compounds - When two or more atoms of
different elements combine, a molecule of a
compound is formed.

Eg - Water, Carbon dioxide, Ammonia, etc.

The atoms of different elements are present in a

compound in a fixed and definite ratio.

The properties of a compound are different from

those of its constituent elements.

The constituents of a compound cannot be

separated into simpler substances by physical
methods. They can be separated by chemical
methods.