DISTANCE PROTECTION

CARRIER SCHEMES

By
Y. k. Pandharipande.
 DISTANCE PROTECTION
CARRIER SCHEMES

NEED FOR TELE-PROTECTION CHANNEL


Conventional 3 Zone Distance Protection results in delayed
Zone 2 trip for end zone faults (last 20%)

Faults hanging up to Zone 2 time may cause instability.

Non-simultaneous tripping at near and far end precludes the
possibility of applying high speed auto-reclosing, which
further aggravates system stability.

Simultaneous tripping can be achieved by inter-locking both
end relays through a signalling channel (PLCC, Micro-wave,
Pilots, Fibre Optic). Information transmitted can be:

Trip Order (for internal faults)

Block Order (for external fault)
DISTANCE PROTECTION
CARRIER SCHEMES
3 ZONE DISTANCE PROTECTION
 DISTANCE PROTECTION
CARRIER SCHEMES
PERMISSIVE UNDER REACH TRANSFER TRIP (PUR)

AIDED TRIP LOGIC FOR FAULT AT F1

 DISTANCE PROTECTION
CARRIER SCHEMES
PERMISSIVE OVER-REACH TRANSFER TRIP (POR)

AIDED TRIP LOGIC FOR FAULT AT F1

 DISTANCE PROTECTION
CARRIER SCHEMES
PERMISSIVE OVER- REACH TRANSFER TRIP (POR)
 DISTANCE PROTECTION
CARRIER SCHEMES
IDEAL BLOCKING SCHEME

AIDED TRIP LOGIC FOR FAULT AT F1

DISTANCE PROTECTION
CARRIER SCHEMES
PRACTICAL BLOCKING SCHEME

AIDED TRIP LOGIC FOR FAULT AT F1

 DISTANCE PROTECTION
CARRIER SCHEMES
COMPARISON OF INTER-TRIP & BLOCKING SCHEME.
1. INTER-TRIP SCHEME

Signal Attenuation, being sent on a faulted line. This can be
over come by inter-phase or inter-circuit coupling.

No intentional delay.

POR schemes are suitable for short lines tied up to weak
sources, where S.I.R. (Zs/Zl Ratio) is low. Also suitable for
Series Compensated Lines.
2. BLOCKING SCHEME

No attenuation since signal sent on a healthy line.

Aided trip is intentionally delayed to allow signal transmission
time for blocking signal to be received on external fault.
 DISTANCE PROTECTION
CARRIER SCHEMES
WEAK INFEED SCHEME OPTION (FOR POR SCHEME)

WEAK INFEED LOGIC FOR FAULT AT F1

 DISTANCE PROTECTION
CARRIER SCHEMES
ZONE 1 EXTENSION SCHEME (NO CARRIER)


Contact from A/R to reset Zone 1 Extn to Zone 1 during Dead Time.